Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without use his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership (Allen, 1998). Great organizations are managed by people who have the necessary skills and attributes which allow them to impute with the organization and the people involved in the company. Managers must meet the many demands of performing their functions managers assume multiple roles which include being a figurehead, leader, liaison, monitor, disseminator, spokesperson, entrepreneur, disturbance handler, election allocator, and negotiator. Managers set and achieve the organizations goals by planning, organizing, controlling and leading. A manger can assume or delegate portions of authority to lead employees and achieve goals.Being a leader is not the same as managing an organization. Leaders posses the interpersonal skills needed to influence others to achieve a goal willingly. Leading is a study part of a managers job. Leaders do not need to be a manager to lead people, but managers must kip down how to lead as well as manage. Leaders also have the ability to inspire, motivate, change attitudes and influence others to achieve goals. Managers have the ability to fire employees if they do not accomplish what needs to be done. The authority given t...

Ben Jonsons On My First Sonne Essay -- Poem Ben Jonson First Sonne Es

Ben Jonsons On My First SonneBen Jonson writes On My First Sonne from a fathers point of viewgrieving over the remnant of his very young son. The title alonesuggests which time period this poem is from i.e. it is from the 17thcentury (1603)- when the poets son Benjamin died- through the use oflanguage of the time. This poem has been written in memory of a sevenyear old child whose end has dealt a great blow to a father.Throughout the poem, the use of religious comparisons and wordscreates a vivid picture of the thoughts running in the mind of BenJonson and we agnise almost exactly what he feels.The inter-relation of father and son in this piece of poetry leads usback to the beginning of the poem. The son, sitting on the right excreteof his father, would remind a Christian reader of the Creed, in whichthe Son sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty Fromthence he shall scratch to judge the quick and the dead. What otherswould interpret from the line-Farewell, thou chi ld of my right hand,and joy is that a father is bidding farewell to his most loved oneand his heir. once again in line 2, when the poet says My sinne was too much hope ofthee, lovd boy, the poem suggests that Ben had taken his son muchfor granted as if presently he possessed him and so loved him too much. Itis ironical as he is comparing the love towards his son as a sin. Asmentioned, he now considered that, love, his sin which has a deepmeaning from a religious point of view. A sin, in the eye of GOD is abad deed exclusively in this case means a mistake or an error. The languageused, hence in relation with religion, exclaims Ben Jonsons sorrowand love for the child condescension the fact that he is in a way happy... ...es of the poem.Contrastingly, in Refugee Mother and Child, the mother still showedher love and affection towards the child in the farthermost few days. Shecannot let go as easily. Most mothers would in this situation havelost hope and would have ceased / to care but not her. She would foment this sorrow till the end.Both poems hence clearly depict the true feelings about the death of achild. We get the perspective from two points of view in either casei.e. from a mothers and a fathers point of view and the feelingbefore and after the death of a child. The language used is veryspecific and has been used in the most appropriate contexts. Sorrowand remorse are the main themes of both poems along with death of achild, yet there is another shadow of a theme i.e. the sin of lovingthe child so much which causes almost endless heartbreak in the end.

Diabetes Essay -- Biology Biological Medical Health Essays

DiabetesDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to conjure up or reply to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the bodys energy (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world population. In American alone, 10.3 million pack report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most apparent organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the arrest of Indian medicine, Susrata of the Hindus (Knott, 539). The tangible term was coined by Apollonius of Memphis in 230 BC. Like other complex gene disorders, diabetes does not have an identifiable inheritance pattern, although the disease seems to clu nk within families (Morwessel, 552). devil different forms of diabetes mellitus exist suit I and Type II. Type I, formerly known as IDDM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, affects 10% of diabetics. The remaining 90% are induced with Type II, formerly known as NIDDM or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Nelson et al, 227). Type I diabetes is the most special K chronic affection during childhood development, and usually evolves in individuals under the age of 15. The formation of Type I diabetes usually shortens the life span by an intermediate of 10-20 years. While Type I diabetes is the more severe form, Type II diabetes is the more common form. It seems to affect individuals from different ethnic backgrounds, mainly Asian, African, Mexican, an... ...etes (Morwessel 550). Works CitedAbramovitz, Melissa. winning Control of Diabetes. stream Health 2. Jan 1999. Vol. 25. Issue 5. 19-22. Dahlquist, G. The aetiology of type I diabetes an epidemiological perspective. ACTA Paediatr Suppl. 1998. Vol. 425. 5-10. Ebony. Diabetes Copin with a Deadly Disease. Mar 1999. Vol. 54. Issue 5. 115-118. Goyder, Elizabeth and Irwig, Les. Screening for Diabetes What are we real Doing? British medical Journal. Dec 1998. Vol. 317. Issue 7173. 1644-1647. Morwessel, Nancy. The Genetic Basis of Diabetes Mellitus. AACN Clinical Issues. Nov 1998. Vol. 9. No. 4. 539-553. Nelson, Robert, and Everhart, James and Knowler, William, and Bennett, Peter. Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Primary Care Clinics in agency Practice. June 1998. Vol. 15. Number 2. 227-246. Diabetes Essay -- Biology Biological Medical Health EssaysDiabetesDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the bodys energy (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most probable organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the father of Indian medicine, Susrata of the Hindus (Knott, 539). The actual term was coined by Apollonius of Memphis in 230 BC. Like other complex gene disorders, diabetes does not have an identifiable inheritance pattern, although the disease seems to cluster within families (Morwessel, 552). Two different forms of diabetes mellitus exist Type I and Type II. Type I, formerly known as IDDM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, affects 10% of diabetics. The remaining 90% are induced with Type II, formerly known as NIDDM or non-insulin dependent diabe tes mellitus (Nelson et al, 227). Type I diabetes is the most common chronic illness during childhood development, and usually evolves in individuals under the age of 15. The formation of Type I diabetes usually shortens the life span by an average of 10-20 years. While Type I diabetes is the more severe form, Type II diabetes is the more common form. It seems to affect individuals from different ethnic backgrounds, mainly Asian, African, Mexican, an... ...etes (Morwessel 550). Works CitedAbramovitz, Melissa. Taking Control of Diabetes. Current Health 2. Jan 1999. Vol. 25. Issue 5. 19-22. Dahlquist, G. The aetiology of type I diabetes an epidemiological perspective. ACTA Paediatr Suppl. 1998. Vol. 425. 5-10. Ebony. Diabetes Copin with a Deadly Disease. Mar 1999. Vol. 54. Issue 5. 115-118. Goyder, Elizabeth and Irwig, Les. Screening for Diabetes What are we Really Doing? British Medical Journal. Dec 1998. Vol. 317. Issue 7173. 1644-1647. Morwessel, Nancy. The Genetic Basis of Diabet es Mellitus. AACN Clinical Issues. Nov 1998. Vol. 9. No. 4. 539-553. Nelson, Robert, and Everhart, James and Knowler, William, and Bennett, Peter. Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice. June 1998. Vol. 15. Number 2. 227-246.

Wuthering Heights: Sympathy With The Villain Essay -- essays research

Heathcliff, the main character in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, has no heart. He is evil to the core - so savage that his lone purpose is to break dance others. Yet at the very moment at which the reader would be expected to feel the most antipathy towards the brute -after he has destroyed his wife, after he has degraded the life of a potentially great man, and after he has watched the death of his tidings occur with no care nor concern, the reader finds himself tinge strangely sympathetic towards this character. The answer to this oddity lies in the presentation of the character himself, which causes us to be more pitying of him than we otherwise might. Brontes describes the young boy, Heathcliff, asdark, almost as if he came from the devil, immediately spurring the reader to view the character as evil and immoral. His actions from thence forward largely tend to kindle this notion. From the very get go he hates Hindley, and although the feeling is mutual, Heathcliff certai nly does his just portion of cruel deeds. In one incident Mr Earnshaw has given both Hindley and Heathcliff a colt. When Heathcliffs colt goes lame, he threatens to blackmail Hindley if he does not trade with him. At a young age, he begins to plot revenge against Hindley. Im trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back, he says, I dont care how long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I do And in his adult years, we find him teaching Hindleys son Hareton to swear desiring that the boy become just as foul as he. As the novel continues, Heathcliff develops another aversion. This time, to the man that married his lover, Edgar Linton. In one position scene Edgar, Catherine, and Heathcliff are all involved in a passionate dispute. I wish you the joy of a milk-blooded coward, he says, ....I compliment you on your taste. And that is the slavering, thrill thing you preferred me too. I would not strike him with my fist, but Id kick him with my foot and expe rience considerable satisfaction. After the completion of this speech, Heathcliff harvesting to just as he had discussed. Later, to gain power of Edgar, Heathcliff elopes with Edgars sister, Isabella. Their marriage proves to be far from delightful, for Heathcliff has no love for Isabella. Is Mr Heathcliff a man? Isabella writes, If so, is he grisly? And if not, is he a devil? Heathcliffs com... ...ovel draws to a close, Heathcliff realizes the futility of his life, as it has been spent on that one task. I get levers and mattocks to demolish the two houses (referring to Edgars and Hindleys) and crop myself to be capable of working like Hercules, and when everything is ready and in my power, I find the will to life a slate off either detonator has vanished...I could do it and none would hinder me. But where is the use?...I have lost the faculty of enjoying their destruction, and I am too idle to destroy for nothing. Upon realizing this, Heathcliff wills himself to die. Thus, des pite Heathcliffs immoral behavior and throughly evil actions, the book closes leaving the reader with a pitying disposition on the characters behalf. After never existence taught to love, being abused, losing ones love, and living for one thing only to later discover its futilty, one might ponder that Heathcliff couldnt help but be how was. The circumstances were almost beyond his control. The passionate, violent environment of Wuthering Heights shaped him into the fiend that he was. And to read of that hellish existence is enough to impart a sympathetic sigh from even the most critical of readers.

Too Bare Hamlet :: essays research papers

A sons tragedy, a brothers betrayal. A story ofresponsibility and revenge is that of William Shakespearestragedy Hamlet. The theme in the play Hamlet is whizz that isgreat in age and corpse present even in todaysentertainment. A modern story which shares this theme isDisneys The Lion mogul. The characters Simba and Hamletare the main characters in both stories and both share manysimilarities. Treachery from within the family was the causeof both characters losses, and the initial conflict of theentire story. Along with major(ip) characters, the stories alsoshare similar secondary characters. The charactersRosencranz and Guildenstern can be compared to theDisney characters Timon and Pumbaa. The Lion King andHamlet share a common theme and reflect one another.The Prince of Denmark, the Prince of the Pride Lands,Hamlet and Simba are the main characters of both storiesand share similar situations and traits. Both characters thinkhighly of their fathers and share a close bond of love life withthem. "With all my love I do commend me to you"( II I 184), proving that Hamlet not only loves his father but alsorespects and obeys his wishes. "I was just trying to bebrave like you." Simba says this to his father showing howmuch he looks up to him. Hamlet and Simba delay theiraction of revenge everywhere their fathers death. The loss of thefatherly figure leaves Hamlet extremely depressed, andSimba with feelings of guilt and without a teacher. Eachcharacter runs from their responsibility, although they bothknow what must be done inside. It is remarkable that suchsimilarities exist in the conflicts and actions of bothcharacters. Hamlet and Simba are betrayed by their uncleswhom murder their fathers in order to fulfill their ownambitions. distinguish and Claudius were both the brother of theproclaimed King. They both lived in their older brothersshadow and were envious of their success. Claudius andScars envy led them to murder their brothers which allow edthem to seize the throne. "The serpent that did sting thyfathers life/Now wears his crown. ( I V 38,39 )" "Heresmy little secret, I killed Mufasa." To keep their newclaimed throne Scar and Claudius had to guarantee thatthere would be no interference from their nephews. BothHamlet and Simba were led astray from their home by theiruncle, therefore guaranteeing no interference. "Theassociates tend, and every thing is bent/For England."( IVIII 45,46) "Run away Run away and never return" InHamlet and The Lion King the main characters werebetrayed by their uncle by the murdering of their father and

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay -- essays research papers

"da Vinci da Vinci...oh yeah, that is the guy who painted the Mona Lisa" That was all I knew about da Vinci da Vinci before I started this report. I knew that he lived during the Renaissance and that he was a very important man, but that is about it. There is so a large(p) deal more about Leonardo that he is known for, other than him being the painter of the famous Mona Lisa. Leonardo was a universal genius, (as said in "What Makes a Leonardo a Leonardo?" By Richard Mhlberger, Copyright 1994) because he excelled in numerous areas of knowledge and contributed so much to the Renaissance. He was one of the great masters of the High Renaissance (as said in the following website http//metalab.unc.edu/cgfa/vinci/vinci_bio.htm) who was a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, mathematician, geologist, astronomer and scientist.Birthplace and Childhood Leonardo da Vinci was born at 1030 PM on Saturday, April 15th, 1452. He was born in the small Tuscan town of Vinci, which is near Florence. Although, in another reference, it said that he was in all likelihood born in a farm house in Anchiano, which is about three miles away from Vinci. The family of Leonardo lived in this area since the 13th century.When Leonardo was born, Ser Piero, his father, was a twenty-five year old public notary. Also, when Leonardo was born, Ser Piero married his wife. He didnt marry Catarina, his mother, because she probably the daughter of a farmer. Leonardo was christened from the parson Peiro da Bartolomeo, in the Baptismal Chapel. He was baptized to the name Lionardo, not Leonardo. The chapel is inside the church of Vinci.According to a tax record, when Leonardo was five years old, he was living with his grandparents. Francesco, his uncle, probably taught him about nature though the wild countryside that surrounds Vinci. When Francesco died, about fifty years later, he willed his estate to Leonardo, which showed a sense of fondness to Leonardo.Apprenticeship Leonardo liv ed in Vinci until 1466. Vinci is a small town, in the foot of Monte Albano, in the Tuscany in Italy. When he was fourteen, he moved to Florence, where he bagan an apprenticeship in the marchshop of Andrea del Verrocchio. Verrocchio was the star(p) Florentine painter and sculptor of his day. The apprenticeship program provided all artistic training. He was introduced to many thing... ...tructure for that, indeed, be it may, is a Devine thing. Leave it then to dwell in its work at its good pleasure, and let not your rage or malice destroy a lifefor indeed, he who does not value it, does not himself merit it.""Iron rusts from disuse stagnant water loses its purity and in cold weather becomes frozen even so does inaction sap the vigour of the mind." " universe is the model of the world." "Science is the captain, practice the soldier.""Painters who wish to represent the relief of things they paint must cover the service with a half-tint, then paint in the darkest shadows and ultimately the main lights.""He who wishes to see how the soul inhabits the body should look to see how that body uses its daily surroundings. If the dwelling is dirty and neglected, the body will be kept by its soul in the same condition, dirty and neglected." "Nothing flows faster than the years, daughters of time." "When fortune comes, seize her firmly by the forelock, for, I tell you, she is bald at the back.""Avoid excessive study it will give rise to a work destined to die with the workman."

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

People have different perceptions of braveness all(a) the time several(prenominal) call back it is a piece of music with a gun in hand some see courage as mental strength to persevere and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty others think courage is an ordinary person, doing extraordinary things or even standing up for what is right, even if you are standing alone. In Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, courage is illustrated through the characters of genus Atticus Finch, Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose, and Bob Ewell. Atticus and Mrs.Dubose share some of the same characteristics of courage. They both begin an impossible task but give it their all until the end, even if they dont succeed. On the other hand, Bob Ewell shows an immense lack of courage throughout the book by not having the courage to accept the consequences of his receive falsely doing. Atticus, Bob Ewell, and Mrs.Dubose each reveal courage in different ways, even if that way is not showing any courage at all. Atticus Finch feels avowedly courage is when " you know youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through to the end no matter what." (p.112) With this definition of courage, Atticus would be considered an extremely courageous man. gobbler Robinson was being accused of raping a white girl during the 1930s in Alabama. Because of the way blacks were treated then, obviously the chances of Tom Robinson walking out of the courthouse innocent were slim to none. When Atticus takes the case of Tom Robinson he says it is the "one case in his lifetime that affects him personally." (p. 76) If he didnt take this case, he felt he couldnt "represent this country in legislature" additionally he said, "I couldnt hold up my head in town I couldnt even tell you and Jem not to do something again."(75) Taking this case took a great deal of courage and made Atticus a target of mockery for Maycomb County. He was standing up for what he felt was right, a nd he was almost standing solo. The majority of Maycombs citizens do not agree with Atticuss actions whatsoever. He was "running a still" in Maycomb, he was referred to as a "nigger lover" which was not accepted in society of Alabama in the 1930s(75). In Atticuss own home he was put down for defending a black man. Although Mrs. Merriweather never stated it, she did make her point clear that she felt there were "some good but

An Analysis of Satans Final Speech in Milton’s Paradise Lost

An Analysis of Satans Final Speech in Miltons Paradise woollySatans final speech to Eve, 11. 679-732, Book IX, in Miltons Paradise Lost, is a persuasive masterpiece carefully structured to appeal to her ambitious tendencies and to expand her already existing doubts (which Satan has implanted) as to the perfect nature of God. Satan begins by worshipping the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, as Eve will do after she has make her choice. Throughout the remainder of the speech, he attempts to present the tree as an alternative focus of her faith. Satan endeavours to weaken Eves admiration and fear of God, and to reinforce her faith in herself, or the potential of what she could be if she had the courage to eat of the fruit. Satans speech is primarily interrogative - - he poses provocative questions, and then provides what he represents as all of the thinkable answers. Of course, every solution he offers supports her tasting of the tree. By the close of the oration, whether or not we have any Biblical association, it is evident that Eve cannot possibly stretch forth the brilliance of Satans argument. Satans first words are addressed not to Eve but constitute an exultation of the tree. He speaks of the power it has provided, of the near ecstasy and knowledge that has welled up within him since (allegedly) tasting the fruit. Satans emphasis on the power that the tree contains is perhaps a shrewd recognition of Eves feelings of inferiority. He realizes that Eve agonizes over Adams predominant position, and possibly even resents the supremacy of God Himself. Satan indirectly presents the tree as a means of bridging this gap. Through one simple action, she can straightaway assert her independence, as well as acquire the wisdom and ... ...ever been exposed to evil, and cannot recognize it. She is an easy target. Satan introduces ideas that had never occurred to her before in the form of questions in order to latch Eves mind onto these concepts and to have her m ull them over. However, he does not give her much room for independent thought - Satan provides the answers to all of the questions he has posed. Eve is pressured to make a decision as soon as possible, and is not awarded the leisure to work out the fallacies in his argument. She does not have the tools to encounter Satans superior intellect. With Eves faith in God severely shaken and her hopes raised for the future, her decision to eat of the tree is a foregone conclusion. Works Cited Milton, John. Paradise Lost. The Norton Anthology of side Literature The Major Authors. Ed. M. H. Abrams. 6th ed. New York Norton, 1990. 770-71.

Beloved :: essays research papers

A TREE CAN BE A HEAVY LOAD TO CARRY through with(predicate)out our lives, we have all had our own tree carved onto us. Whether it is on our back, in our heart, in our soul, our hands or feet, we can all share the knowledge and vexation our lives have borne. So there is an understanding of how and what Sethe has had to bare throughout her life, and every branch of her tree has its individual story to tell. Not only has she been affected by the choices she has had to make, but also everyone who has come in contact with her have been affected. One branch of Sethes tree tells of her killing her baby and another tells of the guilt she has tangle throughout the years and the near destruction of her from the haunting of her dear Beloveds ghost. Another tells of her boys running away and another tells of the neglect that her younger fille has had to face. Because of this guilt, she almost paid for it with her life. However, the stages that her mind her took through with coming to terms w ith her involvement in Beloveds murder, her redemption of that burden, and near madness were the elements that helped to guide her through the guilt. From the redemption of her guilt, Sethe has learned that when a branch of her tree has weltered a little, which means that her family bond is not as strong, the tree does not die, because it has a strong root. A root that represents all of the sorrows of her life, but she is still strong and is willing to fight to get rid of the weltering branches and sprout newfangled ones, which represents new hope, new life and new beginning.In comparison with Sethe, m both of us could probably relate to Sethe and the tragedies and devastations she has had to face. Like her, we and the people around us have had to face death, neglect, uncertainties, diffidence or inner demons. Sethe explains that she took her babys life in order to save her from the treacherous world that she would have greeted. She did not want her baby to arrive up in slavery l ike she had to, or starve because she did not have any milk to feed her. .and I could not let her nor any of em live under schoolteacher.

The Evil Eye in The Tell-Tale Heart Essay -- Tell-Tale Heart Essays

The Evil Eye in The Tell-Tale Heart In Edgar Allen Poes Short story The Tell-Tale Heart frequently is made of the evil eye of the old man. Immediately we are introduced to a man who would never hurt a fly. The narrator of the story even goes so far as to say he loved the old man. This old man is portrayed as one(a) who would do anything for you. However, the caretaker of the old man has one small problem with the old man. The eye that darn evil eye What could cause a person to become enraged by an eye and all one eye? Martha Womack stated that the violence comes from an irrational fear represented through the old mans eye. The belief in the evil eye dates back to quaint times, and even today, is fairly common in India and the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. References are made to it in Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist and Hindu faiths (Poedecoder). Womack goes on to compare the evil eye to a Medusa type object that is being able to harm a person just by looking at them. T his comparison goes to support my possibleness of a God like entity within the eye of the old man. Many people have attempt to rationalize the meaning of the single evil eye. whatsoever people have attempted to relate the old man to a Cyclops. However, I see this eye from a Christian point of view. The eye is not evil in the sense of the devil instead in my humble opinion it is the eye of God. I agreed with B. D. Tucker. The first thing I attempted to do, was relate the Cyclops theory however, this did not sit well with me. The reason the Cyclops theory does not fit the story is that in the second split Poe writes, One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture (Kennedy 34). The mythical Greek creature had only o... ...deas for what the story could represent. After studying the Evil eye in this story, I have no doubt that the eye is that of God. Work Cited Benfey, Christopher. Poe and the Unreadable The Black Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart New Essays on poes Major Tales viii (1993 ) 27-43 Canario, John W. The Dream in The Tell-Tale Heart. English-Language-Notes 7 (1970) 194-97 Great Seal. Homepage 1 March 2001. Great Seal. 5 July 2001 Kennedy, X. J., 7th ed. An Introduction to Fiction. NewYork Longman, 1998 33-7 The Poe Decoder. Home page. 12 April 2001. The Poe Decoder. 5 July 2001 www.poedecoder.com Robinson, E. Arthur. Thoreau and the deathwatch in Poes The Tell-Tale Heart. Poe-Studies 41 (1971) 14-6 Tucker, B. D. The Tell-Tale Heart and the Evil Eye. Southern-Literary-Journal 132 (1981 Spring) 92-8

Beloved :: essays research papers

A TREE CAN BE A HEAVY LOAD TO CARRYThroughout our lives, we have all had our own tree diagram carved onto us. Whether it is on our back, in our heart, in our soul, our hands or feet, we can all share the knowledge and pain our lives have borne. So there is an taking into custody of how and what Sethe has had to bare through and throughout her life, and every grow of her tree has its individual story to tell. Not only has she been affected by the choices she has had to make, but also everyone who has come in contact with her have been affected. One branch of Sethes tree tells of her killing her baby and another tells of the guilt she has felt throughout the years and the near conclusion of her from the haunting of her dear Beloveds ghost. Another tells of her boys running away and another tells of the neglect that her younger daughter has had to face. Because of this guilt, she almost paid for it with her life. However, the stages that her mind her took through with coming to term s with her involvement in Beloveds murder, her redemption of that burden, and near madness were the elements that helped to guide her through the guilt. From the redemption of her guilt, Sethe has learned that when a branch of her tree has weltered a little, which means that her family bond is not as strong, the tree does not die, because it has a strong root. A root that represents all of the sorrows of her life, but she is still strong and is willing to fight to get rid of the weltering branches and sprout new ones, which represents new hope, new life and new beginning.In bidness with Sethe, many of us could probably relate to Sethe and the tragedies and devastations she has had to face. Like her, we and the people around us have had to face death, neglect, uncertainties, self-doubt or inner demons. Sethe explains that she took her babys life in order to save her from the treacherous world that she would have greeted. She did not want her baby to grow up in slavery like she had to, or starve because she did not have any milk to feed her. .and I could not let her nor any of em live under schoolteacher.

The Evil Eye in The Tell-Tale Heart Essay -- Tell-Tale Heart Essays

The Evil Eye in The Tell-Tale core In Edgar Allen Poes Short story The Tell-Tale Heart much is made of the poisonous meat of the old human beings. Immediately we are introduced to a man who would never hurt a fly. The narrator of the story veritable(a) goes so far as to say he loved the old man. This old man is portrayed as one who would do anything for you. However, the caretaker of the old man has one small problem with the old man. The oculus that darn evil gist What could cause a person to become enraged by an eye and only one eye? Martha Womack stated that the violence comes from an irrational fear represented through the old mans eye. The belief in the evil eye dates back down to ancient times, and even today, is fairly common in India and the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. References are made to it in Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist and Hindu faiths (Poedecoder). Womack goes on to compare the evil eye to a Medusa type object that is being able to harm a perso n just by looking at them. This comparison goes to behave my theory of a God like entity within the eye of the old man. Many people have attempted to rationalize the meaning of the single evil eye. Some people have attempted to relate the old man to a Cyclops. However, I see this eye from a Christian point of view. The eye is not evil in the sense of the devil instead in my humble opinion it is the eye of God. I agreed with B. D. Tucker. The first thing I attempted to do, was relate the Cyclops theory however, this did not sit well with me. The reason the Cyclops theory does not fit the story is that in the mo paragraph Poe writes, One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture (Kennedy 34). The mythical Greek creature had only o... ...deas for what the story could represent. After studying the Evil eye in this story, I have no doubt that the eye is that of God. Work Cited Benfey, Christopher. Poe and the Unreadable The Black Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart New Essays on poes Major T ales viii (1993) 27-43 Canario, John W. The fancy in The Tell-Tale Heart. English-Language-Notes 7 (1970) 194-97 Great Seal. Homepage 1 March 2001. Great Seal. 5 July 2001 Kennedy, X. J., 7th ed. An Introduction to Fiction. NewYork Longman, 1998 33-7 The Poe Decoder. Home page. 12 April 2001. The Poe Decoder. 5 July 2001 www.poedecoder.com Robinson, E. Arthur. Thoreau and the deathwatch in Poes The Tell-Tale Heart. Poe-Studies 41 (1971) 14-6 Tucker, B. D. The Tell-Tale Heart and the Evil Eye. Southern-Literary-Journal 132 (1981 Spring) 92-8

Discrimination on Blacks Essay

Thesis Statement Many Americans cherish their country as a place of opportunities, but African Americans have experienced horrible things and have not been given the chance white Americans have, as others in this country. African Americans were freed from slavery by the 13th amendment of the temperament and the 14th amendment and let them be free but that did not mean they were given the same opportunities as other white people. But still in the 1960s they were discriminated against because of the color of their skin. This means they were not allowed to go to the same school, movie theaters, restrooms, public facilities.Before the Civil War blacks were not allowed to read and write. Their white owners matte that if they became educated they would not want to be slaves. After slaves were freed in America the government had to decide how to share resources with blacks, In regard to education it was decided that African Americans had the right to an education however it was decided p urloin but equal was fine. This meant that schools were designed so black and white people were served but in separate areas or different locations. The problem was blacks and whites were not given the same buildings or resources, African Americans got much less.Whites believed that blacks were incapable of learning at an modern level. In the 1960s, 15 percent of African Americans had no schooling, and 48 percent had never gone beyond the fifth grade. The reason behind this was because African Americans were treated so horrible. They were called niggers, black monkeys and filthy trash. African Americans also get threats how if they came across town where whites were they would be burned or killed. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States between 1876 and 1965.The Jim Crow law was to segregate African Americans and whites for the reason that blacks would not be in contact with the whites. One of the civil rights activists was Rosa set who was a African Amer ican who faced horrible discrimination. December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in a colored section for a white passenger because she felt that she should get equal rights. Another activist was Martin Luther King Jr. In 1963 on the upper-case letter March Martin Luther King Jr. made a I have a dream speech where he talked about racial problems and discrimination.

Course Project †Privacy, Security & Confidentiality Training Essay

As we are whole aware the Medical Records department has changed by leaps and bounds everywhere the past 20 years with The Health indemnity Portability and Ac playability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/The Health cultivation Technology for Economic and clinical Health Act (ARRA/HITECH) Act 2009 the face of HIT is forever changed. Told we as Health Information Professionals have a plethora of individual tolerants private info at our fingertip and it is paramount that we handle this breeding with the utmost care.During this training session we are going to go over some of the most important secrecy and guarantor components to insure that everyone knows what the rules are, and how to comfort the not only the patients schooling, but also the HIT department and you as the HIT paid. now we will cover the spunky points on * Privacy, warrantor, and Confidentiality * Regulations that have impacted privacy and security * The Privacy Rule The security department Rule * HITECH Privacy and Security * HIM Role in Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality It is our jobs as wellness randomness management (HIM) professionals to ensure the privacy, security and confidentiality of our patients personal wellness information. This has been the fundamental principle for the health information profession throughout its eighty year history.Today the HIM professional must continue to face the challenges of maintaining the privacy and security of the patient information. Although this might sound like a simple task, it grows in complexity as information becomes more and more technical and is distributed through electronic systems. The challenge of this responsibility has also increased due to the constantly changing legislative and regulatory environment.Regulations that have impacted privacy and securityThe two regulatory acts that have impacted the health information department the most are * The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) * The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) * Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Enforcement Rules the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act Proposed Rule According to the surgical incision of Health and Human Services (HHS) the major goal of the HIPAA privacy rule is to assure that individuals health information is properly saved while allowing the flow of health information needed to provide and promote high quality health care and to protect the state-supporteds health and well-being.The Rule strikes a equilibrate that permits important uses of information, while protecting the privacy of people who seek care and healing. Given that the health care market billet is diverse, the Rule is designed to be bendable and comprehensive to cover the variety of uses and disclosures that need to be addressed. (Summary, 2003) Where HIPAA was written in an attemp t to protect the patients medical records by imposing regulation to address the patient confidentiality the HITECH Act added the required requirements concerning the privacy and security for the health information that is so frequently being passed through technology in more diverse shipway through third party administrators, businesses and individuals.With the rapidly growing use of technology it became necessary to write rules that would also address the information being sent to all business associates as well. The Privacy Rule The privacy rule set the floor in the necessary safeguards to be implemented in saved health information (PHI) across all media. It protects individuals medical records and other individually identifiable health information created or received by individuals or others. It protects the individuals health information by regulating the circumstances under which covered entities may use and disclose protected health information and by requiring that everyone have safeguards in built in bed to protect the privacy of the information.In addition it states that covered entities are required to have contracts or other arrangements in place with business associates that perform functions for or provide services to the covered entity, and that required access to protected health information to ensure that these business associates likewise protect the privacy of the health information. eventually it gives individuals reforms with respect to their protected health information, including rights to examine and obtain a copy of their health records and to request corrections. The Security Rule The security rule applies only to protected health information in electronic form. It requires covered entities to implement certain administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect this electronic information.And also that covered entities have contracts in place with their business associates that the business associates will appropriately safeguard the electronic protected health information they receive, create, maintain, or transmit on behalf of the covered entities. HITECH Privacy and Security The purpose of the HITECH act was to strengthen the privacy and security protections through * Extending privacy and security protections to business associates of covered entities * Establishing new limitations on the use and disclosure of protected health information for marketing and fundraising purposes * Prohibiting the sale of protected health information Requiring the consideration of a limited data set as the minimum necessary amount of information * Expanding individuals rights to access of their protected health information * Expanding individuals rights to receive an accounting of disclosures of their protected health information * Expanding individuals rights to obtain restrictions on certain disclosures of protected health information to health plans HIM Role in Privacy, Security and Confidentiality As the dema nds for health information become more diverse, health information management (HIM) professionals use their expertise to protect health information and ensure the right information is available to the right people at the right time.Successful privacy, security, and confidentiality programs depend on HIM professionals, the experts on the applicable rules and regulations who are skilled in managing healthcare data. For example, HIM professionals ensure privacy and security programs meet regulatory requirements. Once a program is in place, HIM professionals use their expertise to monitor and audit the program to ensure compliance. HIM professionals hold diverse roles such as organizational and corporate privacy officers, compliance officers, and are change agents in policy development. Sample job descriptions include Privacy Officer and Security Officer. HIM professionals advocate for strong privacy and security programs as electronic health record (EHR) systems are implemented and up graded.HIM professionals provide the functional requirements for electronic health information, fetching into account federal and state laws, including e-discovery, to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure of health information. HIM professionals also impact privacy, security, and confidentiality standards, laws, and regulations outside of their organization. Volunteering on state HIT and HIE initiatives, responding to public comments periods, and looking for ways to participate on standards development groups such as HL7 and HIEs are a few ways HIM professionals may influence and affect change. Organizations count on HIM professionals skill sets.The convergence of people, processes, regulations, structure, standards and system design is vital to the organization. Sound privacy, security, and confidentiality practices lead to more effective management of health information, contributing to safe, high-quality patient care. (AHIMA, 2011) closing curtain We as health informa tion professionals are given the task of protecting thousands of individuals private health information every year. We have taken an oath to protect this information and to show the patient respect and reverence when relaying any amount of information to other individuals, be it an inside entity or a business associate. It is up to each of us to do our duty and insure that we follow the requirelines to the letter.We must be vigilant in our daily tasks as well as comprehend that we are constantly learning new things to help us do our job better. The Code of Ethics each HIM professional must adhere to states that The HIM professional has an obligation to demonstrate actions that reflect values, ethical principles, and ethical guidelines. The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) Code of Ethics sets forth these values and principles to guide conduct. The code is relevant to all regardless of their professional functions, the settings in which they work, or the po pulations they serve. These purposes strengthen the HIM professionals efforts to improve overall quality of healthcare. (American Health Information Management Association Code of Ethics, 2011)

Positioning Background Essay

Beginning of berth spot term This is awkward. Why non The term spatial relation started in 1972, when Ries and Trout wrote some(prenominal) conditions active The Positioning Era for the trade paper Advertising Age. It beca drop ? familiar when more than 1000 speeches yield had been stipulation or so Positioning among 21 disparate countries around the world to advertising groups. In supplement, more than 150,000 copies of the little orange keep backlet were distributed which reprints the Advertising Age articles. (The involvement for your mind, 3)This paragraph has awkward wording. Also, check your tenses.What does Positioning MeanMany authors, professors and experts came up with the meaning of smirching despite their differences they all have the same meaning. According to Ries and Trout (date) Positioning is non what you do to a w be, Positioning is what you do to the mind of the prospect (Book). Explain further. Similarly Jack Trout defines Positioning as to know h ow to grammatically molest differentiate yourself from your competitors ( Paper). While Kotler (date) mentioned in his book as is the way that consumer defined the harvest-feast on important attributes and how the place of produce in the consumers mind sexual relation to competing point of intersections. (Armstrong & Kotler page 185) This entire sentence is confusing. Rephrase it or break it down into several sentences so the brain loafer be bust understood.after reviewing former(a) authors definitions , we came up with our own definition so we can describe homeing as creating and designing a remarkable place in the market for sure harvest-home to be kept in the ass markets mind in order to increase or maximize the potential benefits. (Orange book, 172), (Red Book, 237), (Kotler Book, 310) in that respect argon missing articles here. Check grammar. The content is good and the idea is presented well enough.Importance of Positioning Going through several researches and boo ks about Positioning outline has shown how this strategy is playing an important role in the marketing. Implementing Positioning method gives the reason to buy your harvest-home kinda your competitors product as Trout mentioned in his article (You have to tell your story as to why you are different or better). (The business Time Singapore)A nonher role of situation is that, if a high society does a great job pf side the market allow for not get conf substance abused and it would be much easier for the company to do the rest indemnify by taking it from the siting strategy such as the marketing planning and differentiation.(Kotler Book , 310)In addition, positioning really help the companies to produce differ and erratic product from new and potential competing product, which can attract the target market in a positive way. Beside that, although thither are continuous stream of advertising, guest would accept only the product that stuck in their mind due to knowledge or experience http//www.quickmba.com/marketing/ries-trout/positioning/.Also, concerning to the important point of positioning which is base on differentiation as Ries and Trout view it as a creative strategy must be taken for an existing nock in an overcrowded marketplace. . ( corner book , 193,194) Check nouns that have to be pluralized. Grammar is wrong in certain sentences. Also, the first sentence is very confusing. Try breaking the ideas down into different sentences. creation successful is very easy when the product is well known and has a significant place in the market, epoch it could be very difficult if there is no major a little difference between the products. Therefore the succeed of firms positioning efforts is really very important. ( tree book , 193,) , This is standardized to what is mentioned in to Trout & Al Ries book ( The Battle for your mind) , which is the easiest way to get into the consumers mind is to be the first , while being the second is nowhere.( The date for your mind /19,21)Positioning StepsThere are several amounts to be followed in order to use Positioning strategy , which is principally not about create new product , but its about manipulate with whats already up there in the mind.( The battle for your mind , 5). provided positioning measuring sticks can differ from author to author, as a solvent of that positioning step for two different authors will be explained infra in order to came up with the summitries and differenceWalker & Boys Positioning StepsWalker and Boyd subtract the main locomote from Ries and Trout books, articles. So any company who wants to light upon the take position for its products and evaluating the new strategies for positioning a new entry, there are 8 steps outlined should be follow. These steps can be followed are very applicable as it can be use for product and service in any area. Here are the steps downstairs grade a relevant set of competitive productsIn this stage, sellers sho uld make a positioning analysis, which means knowing the customers opinion about certain products that can satisfy their basic wishs and knowing our products competitors. But in order to know the products position in the market, marketer should use the positioning map (It called sometimes the perceptual map, its an excellent tool to know the label position very well, it shows the position of new product with its competitors) which was the idea of Richard A. DAveni that came up several years ago. The market research is very necessary in this stage in order to get customer sensing of the new product concept comparing with the same produce that have the same attributes.http//www.hbsp.harvard.edu/hbsp/hbr/articles/article.jsp?articleID=R0711G&ml_action=get-article&print=trueHere is the physical exertion of positioning map cardinal suggested criteria are used in order to make the judgment and the criteria are Fast delivery, exceptional or wide choice and comfortable environment. The n several reproachs are used in the map regarding how it position in the consumers mind considering the criteria. For example of that Mac take inald is position as the fastest delivery service but circumscribed choice un interchangeable Caff Nero. This doesnt mean that certain patsy is better than anformer(a), its just that apiece brand is different and has special attributes.http//media3.bournemouth.ac.uk/marketing/10branding/05position.htmlIdentify determinant attributesBasically, positioning is really found on several attributes .But theoretically the consumer choice can be influenced by a small amount of features or benefits, because the great number of features use for positioning a product, the greater the chance of confusion or even disbelief will be according to Trout & Al Ries (if you try to be all things to all people, you wind up with nothing). So, narrowing the focus of your expertise would be better in order to establish a unique position as specialist. (Battle fo r your mind, 195)However, using one or more features for position a product would really make the consumer recognize to attach that features with the product .So, the main attributes areFeatures Its mainly used for physical product like the fastest or quietest product.Benefits Its the same as features which means it colligate to the product in direct way such as Volvos known on its safety and durability.Price/Quality as Wal-Mart position itself as the lowest price seller of quality product and it has been very successful with that.Country or Geographic area which means the product name admit the name of country producer such as French wines and Russian Vodka.Determine consumers perceptionsIn order to create perceptual map, marketers use several tools to stack away and analyze customers perceptions about competitive positioning of alternative products used as Multidimensional scaling (MDS) which refer to several statistical techniques that are usually used in data visualization in order to identity the similarities and differences in data. While the detach analysis its a statistical technique that used in marketing when there is only one dependent variable but several free-living variables, it looks at the responses to the questions asked about the product attributes and underlining dimensions.http//www.indopedia.org/Discriminant_analysis_(in_marketing).htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidimensional_scalingIn this stage, the attributes should be identify by analyst in order the consumers use it to evaluate the product and service in the same category. Then, determine the scoop out attributes that have been chosen by the consumer among all the brands. Therefore, this stage basically is about how the consumers positions the competitors in the market.Analyze the military capability of a products current positionSome brands might be recognize by consumers , while the others are not exits in the consumers mind .As a result, unknown brand would defiantly not occupy a position in the consumers mind. So, in order to acquiring an intense position, the first thing to do is create a brand sensory faculty which must be associated with some concepts relating to the purchase decision strongly. But to reach an intense position, you should develop the relationship between the brand and few numbers of attributes.However, there are some chances that brand can gain a positioning intensity like when there are limited brands control certain a product in the market and consumers minds, so its not wise to competing head on against the leaders on the basis of attributes by competitors because its not effective regarding Al Ries & Trout in their book (If you proposed position calls for head-to head approach against a marketing leader, forget it. Its better to go around an obstacle rather than over it . Back up .try to select a position that no one else has a firm captivate on). A better option is to focus an attribute prized by member of given market department such as targeted women and young families by crossroad Windsatr minivan, as it has been introduce since 1994 with a successful advertising campaign which really helped to argue the leading minivan seller Dodge Caravan.( The Battle for your mind , 195)Analyze the products current positionIn order to know if the brand occupies a strong position on particular attributes, marketer should make a ken of marketing researches and analyze by using some techniques such as Multidimensional scaling, discriminate analysis and perceptual positioning map.The perceptual positioning map would really help (see appendix 1) as a small distance between two brands shows that brands are considerable alike while the greater distance refer shows brands are being very different. So, the intensity of argument between the brands alike is much greater than the others. But always try to position your product in an revoke dummy, being the first is the easiest way to get into a persons mind due t o Ries & Trout. (The battle for your mind, 19)In addition, the perceptual positioning map provides great information about position opportunities such as launching new brand or repositioning. It could be done by finding an empty space in the map which shows no store is exiting or located currently. But finding space or gap empty might be regarding couple reasons like technical constraints which will be impossible for any brand to attain.Determine consumers preferred combination of attributesThis stage is mainly about what are the closely important attributes for consumers, so there are more different ways the analyst can be use to criterion the customer preferences and make them involve in the positioning analysis. For example of that survey which can be answer by the consumer to know their opinion of the ideal product or brands within a product category. So, respondents can know what consumer wants by rating the ideal product and exiting products on number of attributes. Other o ption is not only to rate the similarity between couple of brands available in the market but also explain their degree of preference for each. For both cases the analyst, who use the suitable statistical techniques, will defiantly know where to locate the respondents, ideal point relative to the position for different available brands on the product space map.Define market positioning and market segmentationTo well define the market segmentation, the difference in the seeking benefits by different kind of consumer should be considered. Because regarding the difference of ideal point by consumer, reflects different benefits they seek. So, the market positioning analysis can defiantly classify the differences between the market segments and the unique position for different brands.If the consumers ideal point divided in two or more location on the product space map, it considerably defines each as different market segment. According to the analyst is that each cluster represent by ci rcle the induce most of the ideal points for the segment and the surface of the circle shows the relative proportion of customer within a particular segment.So, by knowing the customer preference in different segments together with the awareness of the existing brands, analyst can figure out three things like how strong is the competitive between different brands in different segments, the intensity of the competition between brands in a given segment and the great chance for getting a differentiated position within known target segment. give a positioning strategy In the final stage, where it comes to answer the question where should certain company position a new brand or repositioning, so there are two things should be based one choosing the strategies which are market target analysis and result of market positioning analysis. When choosing the position, it should match the preferences of precise market segment and considered the positions of current competing brands. Other asp ects should be considered also such as the attractiveness for target market, strengths and weakness of competitors as well as the required cost to maintain these positions.There are seven different positioning strategies, which can be chosen based on how to reach its marketing objectivesMonosegment positioning Its about produce a product and makes a special marketing program to the preference of a oneness market segment. This strategy considered as an advantage for the brand within the target market, but it wont gain a lot of sales in other segment. The best use of this strategy with mass marketing.Multisegment positioning This strategy produces a product that attract different consumer from different segments. The features of this strategy are very attractive as its domiciliate higher economies of scale ,smaller investment requirements, avoid dispersion of managerial attention .The best use of this strategy when the individual segment are small.Standby positioning its not a wise to switch of using Monosegment and Multisegment, so using several brands that each one positioned to serve only one segment needs, although if it increase the total market share. So, there is a possibility to use Monosegment strategy when they have to do so. Therefore, standby strategy is prepared plan that overwhelm product specifications, product attributes as well as exposit for the marketing program which will be used for new product position . apelike positioning Its the same as the head on strategy, where a new brand position itself the same as or slimier of it competitors. Using this strategy can be suitable sometimes, when a new brands firm has distinctive advantages beyond positioning such as better opening to channels of distribution.Anticipatory positioning Its considered as evolution strategy that can match the segments need. Its appropriate when new brand doesnt not support a fast acceptance and popularity.Adaptive positioning It can be used in certain period in ord er to reposition the brand to satisfy the new segments needs.Defensive positioning when a company occur strong positioning in the market with a single brand , it uses its completive strategies and introduce a new additional brand in the same position and segment.David & Aaker Positioning stepsRegarding David A. Aaker & J. Gary Shansby , professors of marketing at the University of California , they have introduced six steps for developing a positioning strategy Identify the competitors List the competitors in number of ways in order to have simple and secondary groups of competitors. For example of that grouping other diet cola drinks, all cola drinks, all soft drinks, nonalcoholic beverages, all beverages.Another way is the reading of associations of product with use situations, such as asked about the appropriate beverage for the snack, then asked more specific question in order to have a list of use beverage resulted. Also, the other group will be asked which beverage is suitab le for which situation, and the beverage that ranked as for the snack, it will be compete primarily with the appropriate beverage for the snack.This would really help in knowing and identifying the competitors although the market research is not used.Determine how the competitors are Perceived and EvaluatedIn this step the buyers are the main resources as they are the target market, so for example the first question will be to identify the two most similar brands from a set of three competing brands and the reasons for being this two similar and different from the other .Next, respondents would be asked which of the tow you prefer and why. After that, using logic, judgment or factor analysis in order to remove all the extra points from the list. The final step is to identify which brand is the most important to respondents.Determine the competitors portionsIn this stage, we are going to know how each competitor include our entry position itself in the market with the respect for eac h other. Multidimensional scaling can be used because its purpose is to scale objects on several dimensions. So, simply to ask a group of our target market to scale the various objects on the product association dimensions. This is the same as the perceptual map, even though it has some major disadvantages such as unfamiliarity with some brands, difference among respondent.Analyzing the customers conceive the customer and know how the market is segmented would really help I knowing how to choose the best positioning strategy. Of course there are many questions should be asked in our mind such as what is the behavior of our target , how the products role play in the customers life-style etc.A very important approach for segmentation is benefit segmentation which refers to the benefits of product or the product association that customer believes how its important. So, in order to know the rate of product association, customer can be asked to know their judgments or their point of vie w about the ideal brands which will be combination of the entire customers preferred product association. Customers are then will be divided as group defined by product association.However, having different group would really help to ask each group what they like about it the brand and how they can describe it. Then , the result will show if it need an improve for the brands image by more understating for the lifestyle of segmentations, behavior, income and many other things in order to target the segmentation well.Making the Positioning DecisionThere are four steps should be considered before taking the actual positioning decisionPositioning usually implies a segmentation commitment which means that before the decision is made, the commitment in focusing on certain segments should be made in order not to turn back on to seek potential buyers as well as not be constrained by the reaction of other segments.An economic analysis should guide the decision basically, there is tow factor s should be depending on the potential market size X the penetration probability. Attracted a sizeable segment by a positing strategy is considered as one implication for the structure. In addition if group of customers are attracted to there brand, it should have worthwhile market share to begin with. Also, if new buyers attracted to the product class, an assessment should be done to the potential size of that growth area.If the advertising is working stick with it having a good advertisement campaign that can represent or reflect the brand image as it required is the key of good advertising , no matter how long it has been shown because the value of consistency through time cant be overestimated.Dont try to be something you are not sometimes its tempting to decide on a positioning strategy that exploit a market need or opportunity, but assume your product is something its So, test the product in order to ensure it deliver what it promises and compatible with a proposed image.Monit oring the Position the positioning objective should be measurable like any marketing objectives, therefore in order to evaluate the positioning and get information about future positioning strategies, its very demand to monitor the position consistency. For example of that Hamburger Helper used personality test.Compare between 2 authorsEven though Trout & Al Ries are the main founders or creators of Positioning, they did not write about specific steps for Positioning, but others professors and authors extract the steps from their articles, books and lectures among the years. So, there are different number of steps are mentioned by different authors, but overall they aiming for the same purpose.So, a comparison will be made between Walker and Boyed (W &B) & A. Aaker and J. Gary Shansby (A & J) in order to shed light on the similarities and differences.First of all, as can be seen from the report above that W &B mentioned or talked about 8 steps for using Positioning strategy, while A &J summarize their steps into 6.Both W & B and A & J talked about Identifying the competitors, which A &J mentioned it in both step 1 and 2, the first step is where to list the competitors while in the second step knowing the consumers opinion about the competitors products. But, W & B sort of of that commend to use the perceptual map in the first step as it in order to know the products position regarding its competitors. In addition, W & B recommended to use the perceptual map in the first step to know the consumers opinion about certain product that similar to yours based on two suggested criteria. Using the perceptual map is very informative as it shows our competitors, beside that the consumers opinions about them by rank them in different places.Both if them W & B and A & J talked about the same point in the step three which is Knowing the competitors position in the market, although each one talked about using different tools as A & J recommend to use Multidimensional sc aling and W & B recommended to use Multidimensional scaling and Discriminate analysis to create the perceptual map. They recommend to use the Discriminate analysis when there is only one dependent variable but several independent variables.However, step 4 for A & J is about Analyzing the customers, while for theW & B they talked about it in steps two, six and seven. Al though their are different in title but it has the same purpose which is knowing what customer preferred attributes for the product in order to provide it in the product. A & J not only use this step to know customers preferred product association but also use the consumer answers or result to improve the products image. The same thing for W & B but they use the result for getting better differentiated position within known target segment .Also, W& B recommend to use different tools to be involve in the positioning analysis such as surveys in order to know the consumers ideal brand attributes.As for the step four acco rding to W & B its Analyze the intensity of a products current position, this is also mentioned by A & J in step six but not in details because they focus more in monitoring the position in the future. Both of them talked about evaluate the position of our product and how strong the position is regarding the competitors. In addition W & B gave some solutions in order to acquiring an intense position.On the other hand, the final steps for both of them are quite different as W & B talked about several different strategies that should be chosen from based on how to reach its marketing objectives, while step 5 for A & J is giving the process for how to take the positioning decision considering many other aspect in order to choose the right and most suitable strategy as they dont consider choosing the strategy as a step because I think following all the steps they mentioned would make the strategy choice much easier.Hotel PositioningHotel considered as any product or company that aims to attract customers, by position itself in the right place. Having a unique market position would boost the market share. Therefore, the argument here is how to make the travelers to book our hotel rather than others properties, which is known as market position. The Hotel position must provides several attributes that guests needs and wants.There are two perspectives can be evaluated the hotel brands position which are the brands management and guest. First the brands management should have several concept or plan of the hotels intended position and what it will offer to be different than its competitors. As for the guest, the hotel should provide what it does promise.http//www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/segmentation-targeting/537095-1.htmlHowever, to establish new hotel brand there are many questions should be answer such as what position you already own due to overcrowded society with very strong hotel brand like Sheraton, Hiltonetc. So, its very easy to work with other brands out there during the positioning strategy according to Trout & Ries (The battle for your mind, 193). This means, knowing how people in the UAE see Al Dar and try to apply it in the hotel rather than taking other places because it would be very hard especially who has a very long history in the hospitality industry.ReviewDont use So to start a sentence.Check your subject-verb agreements.Your sentences are mostly too long. Although you clearly have a good grasp of the content, the presentation is confusing. Dont try to cram all your ideas into one sentence.The citations are not MLA style.Check for missing articles and for misplaced articles.Some wordings are awkward and need to be revised.Although the outline and the flow is clearly well thought out, you need to be more academic in your writing.Dont shorten your words. Use It is instead of Its.Where you are more comfortable using simpler words, do so.Avoid double negatives such as doesnt notGrammar is badly in need of editing. There are a lot of unnecessary words that just make the lengthy sentences confusing.Instead of using For example of that why not An example of that isSay with respect to not with respect for.An s indicates possession or ownership while simply adding an s indicates plurality. There are a lot of instances wherein the two are confused for each other.Check the verbs. Know when to use gerunds and know when not to.Cant is different from cantThere are instances where there is used when it should be their.Also check for missing linking verbs.The paper gives the reader the idea that the author understands the concepts very well. However, it does not give the reader much insight as to what those concepts are. One can easily get lost in the long sentences. The grammar and tense problems also add to the confusion.

Analysis of Song Lyrics

Song lyrics looking through the window of cultural texts If you took the time to hear to the lyrics of a call instead of mumbling uselessly to the catchy melody, youd notice that some bands and musical artists argon informing their audience of present-time themes and issues. In immediatelys fellowship, outcry lyrics asshole be used effectively to find fault with existencey dominant values and attitudes, somewhat protesting against tender issues and the preconceived ideas that put up tall on the stage of democracy.This is why song lyrics should be considered mavin of the most important cultural texts of the modern age. The songs sunlight Bloody Sunday by the band U2 and Hurricane by artist Bob Dylan substantiate ideas of equality and justice for all, encouraging the listener to take a look at their suffer values and attitudes surrounding the issues presented would the listener react differently if it were their life or integrity at stake? The song Sunday Bloody Sunday is atomic number 53 of U2s most political songs.It describes the terror experienced by an observer of the differences in Northern Ireland, particularly the Bloody Sunday incident in Derry where British soldiers shot and killed unarmed civil rights protestor in 1972, presenting themes of unity, ignorance and indifference. Mean plot of land, Bob Dylans protest song Hurricane tells the story of the imprisonment of celebrated boxer Rubin Hurricane Carter, who was falsely accused of a triple murder in New Jersey, America during the mid 1960s.The song lyric explores themes of injustice, racism and secretion, enlightening listeners about the corruption that swarmed the democratic American sanctioned system at the time. You know, without realising it, the song you downloaded from iTunes the other day could quite possibly be criticising certain values and attitudes in golf-club. The song Sunday Bloody Sunday by U2 supports the argument that song lyrics should be considered one of the most important cultural texts of the modern age.Throughout the song lyric, the theme of unity blossoms and grows, travelling deeper into the abyss of societys struggle to stand together. This is seen at the beginning of the song in the first verse cause tonight we can be as one accompanied by a military style drumbeat. Here, the chance to join together as one and make a difference is existence offered to the listener, while the choice of instruments is symbolic to a call to arms.Were asked to open our eyes and witness the struggle and pain that the slew of Northern Ireland experienced during the archaeozoic seventies, when their lives were torn apart by the bullets of British soldiers, depleted bottles under childrens feet and Bodies strewn across the dead end street. The repetition of cause tonight we can be as one is successful in evoking a defiant and hopeful response from the listener. I also tonicity that the imagery created by Broken bottlesbodies strewndead end plants a seed of lifelessness and futility in the listeners mind.The listener is therefore encouraged to rise up and fight against the despondent situation described in the song. Meanwhile, the song lyric Hurricane by Bob Dylan investigates the injustice that surrounded Rubin Carter and 1960s America. Being trapped in a nightmare of injustice is a in truth dark place to be. Loneliness and helplessness are your only friends when everyone remains blind to the truth. Bob Dylans Hurricane is a song lyric that explores this theme of injustice in 1960s New Jersey, where a common scenario was put to the ultimate test the word of a white man against the word of a black man.The song is informing us of Rubin Carters false murder conviction, told in a somewhat story-like fashion. Bob Dylan presents the entire American heavy system as corrupt and unethical, displayed in the ninth verse All of Rubins cards were marked in advance and The trial was a pig-circus he never had a chance. As well as creating empha sis through rhyme, these two lines are highly emotive, and encourage the listener to feel pity and empathy for Rubin Carter and others that may have been a victim of corruption.As a listener who lives in the twenty-first century, where cases of legal dishonesty and fraud are quite rare, I find myself sympathising with Rubin Carter and resenting the heartless and ignorant attitude possessed by 1960s America and society. In retrospect, I am constitutionally grateful that a modal(a) and just trial is now available to everyone, regardless of skin colour. When the song comes to an end, the image painted in the listeners mind is that of injustice and tyranny, encouraging social change in the area of legality. Nonetheless, U2s Sunday Bloody Sunday presents the ignorance and indifference of society in times of great need.It seems that a mournful face served with what a tragedy and seasoned with taste of genuine sincerity is our best response when the TV screen shows an image of dead bodi es strewn across a dead end street U2s Sunday Bloody Sunday is a protest song that provides a dominant reading, investigating the ignorant and indifferent(p) attitude exhibited by society towards the Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland. A quote from the text highlights the 1970s unawareness of this event, and other acts of conflict across the world, And today the millions cry, We eat and drink while tomorrow they die.As well as making use of a hyperbole, these two lines are very effective in criticising the lack of care that society has for anyone unless themselves, and as a result, depicts us as arrogant and self-righteous. Because we cant empathise with the people of Derry who experienced a freakish nightmare unknown to us, all we can do is store it at the back of our minds and wait in anticipation for the coterminous episode of Home and Away From my point of view, there is little we can do when events such as this arise and take us by surprise.But, if society joins toge ther in unity instead of finding refuge in the popular TV station of ignorance, then hearing those cries and feeding those mouths will effect a reality. However, if were going to join together as one, then racism and discrimination need to be a thing of the past, as explored in Bob Dylans Hurricane. Racism and discrimination are two themes that refuse to leave the realms of todays society. Their defiant and unfaltering attitude must be commended, but not encouraged, as displayed in Bob Dylans Hurricane.The song lyric is successful in condemning the negative, judicious and cultured beliefs possessed by society that all black men are criminals and murderers. These motifs must be stopped in their tracks, and banished from society The song lyric enlightens the listener of the racism and discrimination that occurred in New Jersey at the time, and reminds us that we have only taken a few steps along the path of equality since then.Within Hurricane, the extreme inequity displayed by the A merican police during the sixties is being crudely criticised, displayed in the seventh verse We indispensableness to put his arse in stir, We want to pin this triple murder on him. Here, the listener receives the impression that the police (we) are hiding something, and regardless of who committed the crime, are determined to see Carter bottomland bars. Based on my morals, I believe that every person, male or female, black or white, should be treated fairly and qually. Unfortunately, I wasnt the seek at Rubin Carters trial. The atmosphere created in the text is that of corrupt defiance and mere narrow-mindedness, and the effect is overwhelming I have the urge to stand up and say Hey What youre doing is wrong If only I had the power to change the path of history For all those out there who believe that song lyrics are just another form of entertainment, think again. Should song lyrics be considered one of the most important cultural texts of all time?The way in which they burn up certain themes and issues as well as investigate societys values, beliefs and attitudes is incredible therefore the answer is yes. When you look at U2s protest song Sunday Bloody Sunday, a range of themes including unity, ignorance and indifference are presented. Throughout the song, the image of helplessness is promoted, encouraging the listener to fight for unity. Also, the song criticises society for being ignorant to the death and heartache that was rife in 1970s Ireland at the time of the Bloody Sunday incident.It highlights our failure to empathise, and are portrayed as lumpen and therefore urged to put a stop to world conflict. Meanwhile, themes of injustice, racism and discrimination are explored in Bob Dylans song Hurricane. The corruption of the American legal system is the motif in this song, presenting the police, judges and jury as dishonest and unethical. The listener is positioned to respond in a sympathetic way towards Rubin Carter, and feel offense in regard t o the so-called democratic legal system.Overall, we are encouraged to accept our differences and stand together as one, moving in the direction of social change in the courts. Finally, songs are extremely successful in exploring themes and issues that are relevant to todays society, as they provide the chance to criticise and/or encourage social change regarding our values, beliefs and attitudes. Democracy doesnt rule the world. Youd better get that in your head this world is ruled by violence, but I guess thats better left unsaid. Bob Dylan

The Armana Period

The nontextual matter of ancient Egypt was highly symbolic and fascinating that int annuled to keep the history alive. Their religion and beliefs were sh hold in their finesseistic creation and massive works depict immortal, goddesses and Pharaohs. Each period had a distinctive and astonishing way of life. In the middle of the New tabbydom, the Egyptians had a newfangled Pharaoh that made some salient changes not only in political but also in art behaviors and this is called the Amarna Period. This research paper aims to discuss the historical, religious and especially the art of antediluvian patriarch Egypt during the Amarna Period.This enabled us to know the rasets and revolutionary works of Akhenaton to replace monotheism from polytheism of Egyptians religion and to acknowledge the essence of Amarna art in our present times. II. Egyptian Kingship About 3000 B. C. , kingship in antique Egypt begun when prestige and growth of wealth were at its peak indicated by the dis c all overies of metal tools and per male childal ornaments. By that time, poor tribes started revolution and so military protection was needed. The cities were alter and kings became prominent (Chodorow 13).Kings manipulated wars and often time-tested to bring cities under their control, they served as war leaders and practiced religious functions viewed as guarantor of the welfare of the urban center which legal opinion they had special relationship with the gods and prepared inscriptions that immortalized their royal deeds to maintain their authority. Concept/Established Priesthood. Even from the earliest times, religious ceremonies were often held by the royal family. King was considered as the highest priest, who had sove dominate right to perform rituals at whatever and all temples (http//www. philae.nu/akhet/Religion3. html). Priests had limited and specialized role of activities and they had to ensure the cults of god and goddesses along with the various outside(a) man ifestations in the temples to maintain the integrity of divine presence on earth in the sanctuaries of the temples (Sauneron 34). Unlike priests nowadays, they were not concern or persuading the people or seek to convert others to their religion, they were bureaucrat of a sort delegated by the king to perform in his place certain physical rituals necessary for the general welfare (Sauneron 35).All of their hieratical appointments were done by the kings and economically supported by receiving offerings and vast landowners. Relationship with the Gods. Egyptian monarchs already had the authority which was to impress the ancient world and depicted that they familial from prehistoric kings who had special sanctity because of their power to assure prosperity through successful agriculture, thus they performed rituals involving irrigation, soil fertility and land reclamation.The Pharaoh were believed to manipulate the annual increase and downfall of life itself (Roberts 84). Under the O ld Kingdom, it appears that the king is the absolute lord of the land (Roberts 84) and venerated as descendant of the gods. Based on the theory, when the king died, he passed over to the Kingdom Wesir (Osiris) and left the kingship in the hands of his son. He becomes the Living Heru and transformed into a divine status.Until the Middle Kingdom, only king had an after-life to look forward to Egypt and everlastingly stressed the incarnation of the god in the king even that idea was increasingly exposed by the sincereities of life in the New Kingdom (Roberts 85). square up/Control of Art. The framework for Egyptian arts and architecture was religious and magical. (Najovits 215). The glorification of gods and pharaoh-gods was the main theme of Egyptian art, primarily aim to manipulate the gods and equip for the afterlife (Najovits 218).They illustrated afterlife and mythology in a coherent mode. Creation of the images of the gods, including the pharaoh gods, illustration of religio us beliefs, serving of religious concepts through the building of temples for the appeasement and worship of the gods, practice of funerary cults and the use of amulets were intended for their arts and architecture. III. Amarna Period In the late part of the 18th Dynasty, the most famous periods of Ancient Egypt was ruled by King Amenhotep IV, son of King Amenhotep III and coffin nail Tiye.He founded the city Amarna where his revolutionary reforms take place in a very short period. King Amenhotep IV. Succeeded his father Amenhotep III and he attempted a religious revolution called monotheism, worship of one god named Aton (Divine Sundisk). These religious ideas probably originated from the fact that the sun could be seen rising each day and traveling across the sky, before disappearing each night only to re-appear next morning thus seen both incredibly strong and powerful (Thomas 22).King Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaton/Akhenaten meaning It is well with Aton because he w ished to erase the reminiscence of the past and abandoned the old god of his fathers, Amon, whose cult had been the wealthiest and most powerful of Egypt and perhaps tried to recover power taken by the priest of Amon. He devoted his reign in religious revolution and activities and neglected his monarchy duties. Changes to Establishment. Akhenaton tried to give a new direction to Egyptian religious thought (Perry 48) and established cults have been diverted to the cult of the Aten (Shaw 277).He unkindly all temples in Thebes and built a new city in Amarna and devised a new theology to support his religion (Chodorow 21). All building activities at Thebes were ceased, handed-down gods were banned completely traditional temples were closed down and the cults of their gods came to a standstill and religious festivals with their processions and public holidays were no longer celebrated. All the income from estates and farms of the Amen temples was diverted to fund the construction of th e new city (Thomas 52). Aten/Akhetaton. Egyptians believed that king becomes god when they die, they used to describe them as god Aten.Akhenaton said that the god Aten had chosen a site for the new capital for him (Thomas 48) and he established the new city called Akhetaton/Akhetaten, (Horizon of the Aten). It was the place where the Aten manifests himself and where he acts through his son, the king, who is the perfect child of the living Aten (Shaw 277). Temples to Aten were built at Akhetaten and unlike traditional temples which contain dark and mysterious inner put up and cult statues, the Aten temples were open to the sky allowing the sun-disk to display itself in person (Ryan 161). B. ArtUsing art as idiom. The Egyptian artists in Amarna art wanted to enduringly fix the absolute, the symbolic, the ideal, the real meaning of what things should be where gods and divine pharaohs being portrayed in the ideal situations of stiff solemnity, power and youth. Historians noted that th e idealizing representation of kings is based on the desire to abduct the good gods (the kings), sons and likenesses of the gods (Najovits 218). Amarna art represented detail idealization of the world and people in a system that encompassed everything from the beginning creation to the afterlife.Akhenaton put much emphasis on the fact that he was the mother who gives birth to everything who had created his subjects with the ka (creator-god) (Shaw 281). New style. Akhenaton changed the traditional artistry of Egypt where architecture, sculpture and paintings focused on canonical Pharaonic portraits. The artistic style made a sudden transition from the traditional Egyptian style of portraying people with ideal, perfect physiques to a new and rather jarring style (Lorenz).The effeminate body with curving contours, long face with full lips, heavy eyelids, misshapen body with weak arms, narrow waist, protruding belly, wide hips and fatty thighs created arguments among historians. They mean that he suffered from some kind of illness or syndrome which caused his odd appearance (Lorenz) and that his portrait is a deliberate artistic reaction against the established style, paralleling the suppression of traditional religion (Kleiner 78).Akhenaton showed himself in a warm family scenes with his wife and children, portraying himself and the rest of the royal family in a much more military man and naturalistic manner (Lorenz). The scene of the royal family, Akhenaton, Nefertiti and their three children Merytaten (being kissed by his father), Meketaten (sitting on her mothers lap) and Aknkhesenpaaten (baby on Nefertitis shoulder). Both Nefertiti (Akhenatons wife) and Tiye (mother of Akhenaton) figured prominently in the art and life of Amarna age. Queen Tiye regularly appeared in art beside Amenhotep III during his reign as well as during the reign of Akhenaton.Queen Nefertiti frequently appears in the decoration of the Aton temple at Karnak who looked like clones of A khenaton and sometimes wears pharaonic headgear. Pictures showing husband and wife embracing or offering each other flowers continued until the reign of Tutankhamen. Amarna period most probably associated with the images of Aten worship scenes. The Sundisk where the Pharoah and Queen offer flowers to Aten and their two eldest daughters bask shaking sistrums, is one of the most common distinction of Amarna period.Analysis. The reign of Pharaoh Akhenaton depicted a relaxed, affectionate pharaoh and purely human emotional themes and everyday, secular subjects became usual and that was a revolution in its own right. According to historians, the Fifth Dynasty and Amarna period must be the two finest periods in Egyptian art, it was then that the artist best managed to combine theological obligation to depict idealized essence with natural inclination to depict reality (Najovits 233).Despite the criticism obtained, the art had never been so dramatic and meaningful that showed formalistic c onventions and attempted the truth of the system they represented. Another feature of Amarna style is the extraordinary sense of movement and speed, a general looseness and freedom of expression that was to have a lasting influence on Egyptian art for centuries after the Amarna Period had come to an end (Shaw 282). C. Compare/Contrast With previous establishment. Egyptians artists regularly ignored the endless(prenominal) variations in body types of real human beings.Painters and sculptors did not sketch their subjects from life but utilise a strict canon or systems of proportions that lasted for thousand of years (Kleiner 69). Before the Amarna period, pharaohs concentrated on building temples and dandy pyramid tombs made of mud-brick, stones and woods. They have ample statues and reliefs painted in minute polychrome, paintings of sensual women, hunting scenes and peoples in their everyday tasks were widespread which were intended to provide company to the deceased in the other world. maturation of Art during Amarna.Inscriptions revealed that it was Akhenaton who instructed his artist in his own new style. Akhenatons new movement had given rise to a new and very realistic style of art which emphasized even the kings physical deformities (Boadt 159) unlike the normal image of showing the kings and important people as ideal persons in good health and great looks. In the early years, human figures were depicted with specific proportions contrary to normal figures and there was a time when images were the same like clones but soon outmoded.Later, it becomes less extreme with some artwork returning almost to normal. The depiction of the king becomes more graceful evolving into a softer, more naturalistic style. IV. Opinions/Observations Observations of Art of Amarna Period. King Akhenatons reign was too short to bring his reform to success both in political and religious through expression in Egyptian arts. It centered on the sun-disc and its life-giving rays but it practiced focused on the cult of the pharaoh himself.Yet it failed soon after Akhenatons death, it was to have everlasting effects, the attempt to destruct the old cult, and to eliminate gods from any monuments, shows the monotheistic direction of the new faith as well as transition of Egyptian art in a well distinguished manner. individual(prenominal) Opinions. I believed that King Akhenatons unique and amazing style in expressing himself through deformed and sexless images greatly influenced the evolution of modern art. He formulated his own style of abstract images that made him popular not during his times but in our contemporary times.I think if he had worshiped his god without persecuting the cult of his fathers, may be the new religion will still be practiced and supported by the Egyptians. The fact that he was the King who can manipulate things and can even deceive the minds of his people, he ignored the voice of his people of freedom in religion that led to the end of his legacy that can be learned when his switch Tutankhamen, returned to worshiping the old gods. V. Conclusion Amarna Period was the time of King Akhenaton revolution against political and religious tradition of Ancient Egypt.He remarkably changed the conventional style of Egyptian art from building of mysterious temples and tombs to an intimate and expressionistic statues and paintings of himself and his family that demonstrate sophistication and creative freedom which was indeed revolutionary at that time. Works Cited Boadt, Lawrence (1984). Reading the Old testament An Introduction. New Jersey Paulist Press. Brewer, Douglas J. and Emily Teeter (2007). Egypt and the Egyptians. United Kingdom Cambrigde University Press. Chodorow, Stanley, et. al.(1994). The Mainstream of civilization. 6th ed. Fort Worth, Texas The Harcourt Press. Kleiner, Fred S. , Christin J. Mamiya and Helen Gardner (2005). Gardners Art Through the Ages. 12th ed. Belmont, California Wadsworth/Thomson Lea rning. Lorenz, Megaera. January 15, 2000. The Art of the Amarna Period. http//www. heptune. com/art. html Najovitz, Simson (2004). Egypt, trunk of tree diagram a modern survey of an ancient land. New York Algora Publishing. Perry, Marvin (1989). A History of the World. Boston, Massachusetts Houghton MifflinCompany. Roberts, J. M. (1987). The Penguin History of the World. New York Penguin Books. Ryan, Donald P. (2002). The Complete Idiots Guide to Ancient Egypt. New York Alpha Books. Sauneron, Serge (2000). The Priests in Ancient Egypt. New York Cornell University Press. Shaw, Ian (Ed. ) (2003). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. United Kingdom Oxford University Press. Thomas, Susanna (2003). Akhenaten and Tutankhamen The Religious Revolution. New York Rosen Publishing. (http//www. philae. nu/akhet/Religion3. html

Life of Pi Analysis Essay

A. Example matchlessIn the early stages of Life of Pi, Martel mentions a place that Pi and Ravi had gone to visit while on vacation. While looking aimlessly through the window, they noticed three hills. On top of one hill was a catholic church, another a Hindu temple, and the other a Muslim mosque. Each hill portrays each of the religions in Pis complex faith. The hills represent Pis struggles to understand each religion. Later on, we find out that Pi is caught in between these three religions. He couldnt completely disregard any of the religions, so each one unplowed struggle for a place in his life. In How to Read Literature resembling a Professor, Foster repeatedly says how symbols usually have more than one possible meaning. So another possible meaning for the three hills is that each of the warring religions has a different part in his life. The religions are separated by being on each hill, nevertheless they live simultaneously in the resembling general area. Just as, in P is life, each religion has its separate area of his mind, but they all partake in his life.B. Example 2In How to Read Literature similar a Professor, Foster also talks about allegories. The relationship between the tiger and Pi can be considered an allegory. A lot of the time spent on the boat is the classic fight of good vs. nefariousness. Pi, seen as a naive child who could do no wrong, takes the role of the good character. Richard Parker represents the savage dark side and takes the role of evil. As the story progresses you see that each could not survive without the other. Richard Parker showed Pi that he could not have survived by being the sweet faultless boy who could not kill and eat a fish. Pi showed Richard Parker that he is inferior to Pi by training him and getting him food. The battle between the two at the beginning digressed to a mutual realization that good cannot always conquer evil and evil cannot always conquer good. Its the plain truth without Richard Parker, I wouldnt be alive today to tell you my story. (Martel, 164)C. Example 3Colors lick a very important role in Life of Pi. The color orange represents hope and survival. He had an orange life buoy and an orange whistle. If on that bit hadnt been a life buoy, I wouldnt have lasted a minute. (Martel, 117) There was an orange tarpaulin that he secured himself in on the life boat. both of these objects helped him survive the sinking and gave him hope for future survival. Richard Parker mightve been the biggest thing keeping him alive, and he was a 450 pound orange Bengal tiger. Orange is the color of Hinduism as come up which shows how religion still gives him hope. The next color is green. It is the symbolic color of Islam. Muslims believe that green represents home and unhazardousty. The Algae Island was a blinding green and kept him safe from starvation for a day and let him be on solid ground like his home. Green and orange represent two of the three religions that kept Pi fighti ng for life. Green gave him safety and a sense of home and orange gave him hope for survival.2. Chapter 5 Now, Where Have I Seen Her Before?A. Example 1Theres no such thing as a wholly original work of literature. (Foster, Chapter 5) Foster presented the idea that, knowingly or not, every author takes ideas from other stories and twists them into their own. In the case of Life of Pi, Yann Martel may not have been thinking about any other particular piece of literature, but Life of Pi, specifically the sinking of the Tsimtsum, is very similar to a very famous story known as Titanic. The Titanic was an enormous ship that was conception never to sink in a million years. According to Piscine, the Tsimtsum could not sink either. For days the ship had pushed on, bullishly indifferent to its surroundings. The sun shone, rain fell, winds blew, currents flowed, the sea built up hills, the sea dug up valleysthe Tsimtsum did not care. (Martel, Chapter 38) But nonetheless, both the Tsimtsum a nd the Titanic ended up at the bottom of the ocean with a bang-up fight.B. Example 2Later in the story, Pi reveals a second interpretation of the seven month journey. He replaces the animals with humans like his mother and the cook. In this side, Pi portrays himself as the ferocious tiger, Richard Parker, essentially becoming his doppelganger. While Pi was on the inescapable lifeboat, he was trapped with Richard Parker. In accordance to Fosters idea that no literature is original, this version could be extremely comparable to The Picture of Dorian Gray and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian is coerce to deal with an evil side of him after he trades his life for youth. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Jekyll accidentally creates a concoction that gives him another personality called Mr. Hyde who commits crimes and can easily be named evil. In all three cases, the protagonist is faced with an uncontrollable alternate personality.C. Example 3Another obvious com parison is the fairy tale sweetheart and the Beast. One can clearly see the resemblance between Life of PI and Beauty and the Beast if they figure the plot of both stories. Pi is a normal Indian boy with a somewhat eccentric father who goes through a series of unfortunate events. These events somehow lead to him being stuck in a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger. With time, the tiger becomes his friend and his savior from other loose animals. Belle is a normal young woman with an unusual father. She is also dragged through a series of unfortunate events in which she finds herself stranded in the middle of a fo lie kept in a castle with another unidentified wild beast that also saves her from a pack of wild dogs and also gradually becomes her close friend and lifelong companion. It is easily assumed that Piscine and Belle, and Richard Parker and Beast, are the same. The point is this stories grow out of other stories, poems out of other poems. (Foster, Chapter 5)3. Chapter 26 Is He Seri ous? And Other IroniesA. Example 1In How to Read Literature like a Professor, Foster says, Irony trumpseverything. (Foster, Chapter 26) I was named after a swimming pool. Quite peculiar considering my parents never took to urine. (Martel, Chapter 3) Water is the element of torture in Pis existence. The very basics of Piscines life are ironic. He is named after a swimming pool, but throughout the early separate of his life, he is tortured because of his name. His parents and the rest of his family are killed by drowning after a shipwreck. He spends the most grueling seven months of his life surrounded by water. During that time, he comes close to dying of dehydration because he has no water to drink. The whole time he has an abundance of water, but since it is salt water, it will only view his situation worse. He needs water to live, but it has been the main factor in most of the tragedies he has experienced. The irony of Pis relationship with water trumps everything else in the bo ok, just as Foster said it would.B. Example 2It seemed the presence of a tiger had saved me from a hyena- surely a school text example of jumping from the frying pan into the fire. (Martel 136) It is ironic that the tiger, the animal thought to pose the most danger, saves him from the less dangerous hyena. It is thought that Richard Parker would be the end of Pi because he is the most ferocious animal, but instead he becomes Pis savior from the other animals. It is ironic that at the beginning of the book, Pi and the rest of the people surrounding him have power over the animals. Just beyond the ticket booth Father had painted on the wall in blazing red letters the question DO YOU KNOW WHICH IS THE MOST DANGEROUS ANIMAL IN THE ZOO? An arrow pointed to a small curtain. There were so many eager, curious hands that pulled at the curtain that we had to replace it regularly. Behind it was a mirror. (Martel 31) Pi came from a world where he was always in a position of superiority, but n ow on the boat, he is helpless and inferior to the tiger and the other animals. I am alone and orphaned, in the middle of the Pacific, dangling onto an oar, an adult tiger in front of me, sharks beneath me, and a storm raging above me. (Martel 107)C. Example 3At the start of the book, Piscine is seen as a sweet innocent nave boy. Inhis mind and religions, doing bad things never led to good things, so he remained innocent and faultless. He held doing the right hand thing and never the wrong very close to him. Ironically, all of his values went out the window by the end of the book. At first he wouldnt eat meat because of his religions, but his sustenance on the boat was fish. Murder used to be the worst possible thing someone could do, but he murdered the other man on the lifeboat in order to stay alive. He loved God and his religions so much, but he finds himself screaming and cheering at God. In all of these instances, he loses his innocence, morals, and everything he treasured be fore the wreck, but without making the hard decisions he had, he wouldnt have survived. In a way, his loss of innocence is what kept him alive.