World History Review: the Evolution

AP cosmos History Unit 1 Review Chapter 1 Evolution- The process by which different kinds of living organisms atomic number 18 thought to have developed and alter from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Paleolithic period- Second part of the Stone get on with distinguished by the kickoff gear usage of stone tools introduced by hominids much(prenominal) as Homo habilis. Neolithic Age- Latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the Middle easternmost in which sedentary agriculture and domestication of plants and animals and permanent settlements were accomplished. Agricultural Revolution (Transition) go point for the Neolithic Revolution. 0,000-8,000 BC. Slash & Burn- Technique in agriculture where forests are roughly cut down and burned over to prepare handle for the next crop. Australopithecus- Fossil bipedal primate with both apelike and gracious characteristics found in Africa. Homo Sapiens Sapiens- Modern kinds. Neanderthal- Extinct species of adult male that lived in ice-age Europe 120,000-35,000 old age ago. Jericho- Village in Palestine dear(p) the north end of the Dead Sea. The Leakeys- Family of paleontologists whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972). Catal Huyuk- Large Neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia. 500-5700 BC Diamond- Precious stone consisting of a clear and typically colorless pellucid form of pure carbon. Venus Figurines- Prehistoric statuettes of women portrayed with similar sensual attributes from Europe characterized by enhanced feminine features. Homo Erectus- Extinct species of autochthonic hominid with upright stature but small brain that originated in Africa. Homo Sapiens- Bipedal primate having language and ability to make and apply complex tools. Volume of brain at least 1400 cubic centimeters. Lucy- fond(p) female skeleton of a fossil hominid found in Ethiopia in 1974, and is about 3. million years old and 4 feet. Cro-Magno n- primaeval form of modern humans. European Early Modern Humans (EEMH). southwest Asia- Area in which as early as 3000 BC had contained a variety of cultures. Also sockn as Mesopotamia, it was located in an rural subject area called the Fertile crescent-shaped in present-day Iraq. It had large metropolis-states in an area known as Sumer Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The Sumerians- Developed the 12-month calendar and cuneiform writing. Lascaux- localise of a cave in the Dordogne, France, containing elaborate Paleolithic wall paintings.Fertile Crescent- Crescent shaped area of fertile charge in the Middle East that extends from the eastern Mediterranean coast by the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf. Chapter 2 Mummification- Embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping to preserve the body. Ziggurats- Rectangular stepped reign found in past Mesopotamia surmounted by a temple. Hieroglyphics- ancient form of pictographic writin g used by the Egyptians. Old domain- item in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first extreme point of civilization in complexity and achievement.Middle barondom- consequence of ancient Egyptian history. sweet superpowerdom- Period in ancient Egyptian history between 1550-1075 BC. big of Gilgamesh- Earliest known form of literature. Pyramid of Khufu- AKA Pyramid of Giza Menes- Egyptian pharaoh reigned 3100 BC. Founded first dynasty that ruled Egypt. Hammurabi (Laws)- Sixth king of the Bbylonian Empire. cognise for his set of laws, which were one of the first put down codes of law in history. Deals with matters of contract, and trade. Akhenaten- Ancient Egyptian pharaoh who reigned about 3,500 years ago. Made major changes including his religious revolution and art style. 8th Dynasty. honest Monotheism- There is one God from whom emanates one morality for all humanity. Kush- barondom that reached its peak between 1700 and 1500 BC. Allied with Hyksos and conquer ed Egypt beginning the 2nd Intermediate Period. Mesopotamia- 3500 BC. Known as the land between two rivers, Rains were seasonal in this area, which meant that the land flooded in the winter and spring and body of water was scarce at other times. Farming in the region depended on irrigation from the two Rivers. Phoenicia- 3000 BC. conference of individuals migrated from the Arabian Peninsula into the land of Canaan located between Egypt and Syria.By 1200 BC, the Phoenicians controlled a set apart strip of land that bordered along the Mediterranean Sea in the northern Canaan where they built a number of cities and villages. Uruk- An ancient city of Sumer and later Bbylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the river. Nile- Unifying force in Egyptian history. Used to transport wealth and to shi stone blocks used to build the Pyramids. Euphrates- Provided water that supported the development of ancient Mesopotamian culture. Birthplace of the ancient civilizations of Assyria, Bbylonia, and Sumer Al Jazirah.Jerusalem- religious center sacred to all three monotheistic religions. Israel was divided after Solomons death. Kingdom of Israel was in the north, while Judah was in the south. Pyramids- Used as massive tombs to enclose pharaohs or wealthy Egyptians. Cuneiform- Earliest writing bodys evolved individually and at roughly the same time in Egypt and Mesopotamia. That writing system invented by the Sumerians emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. Archaic Period- Name given to generalised hunter-gatherer societies by in the American continents from approximately 8000-2000 BC.Amon-Re- King of the Gods, Egyptian King Thebes Hermopolis Sun God Osiris- Egyptian god of the underworld and vegetation. Hyksos- Asiatic muckle who took over the eastern Nile Delta, ending the thirteenth dynasty, and initiating the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt. Sargon of Akkad- Reigned Mesopotamia from 2334 to 227 9 BC. Baby in a basket where he was picked up along the Euphrates River where he was found by a man named Akki. Was considered the sterling(prenominal) man who ever lived. Celebrated in glorious tales down through the Persian Empire. Hatshepsut- Fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.First great women in recorded history. Forerunner Moses- That guy. Abraham- Assyria- Egypt- Ur- Bbylong- Tigris- Anatolia- Chapter 3 Samsara- Karma- Sati- Caste- Lawbook of Manu- Indo-European- Upanishads- Kshatriyas- Shudras- Jati- Moksha- Varna- Dravidian- Rig Veda- Brahmins- Vaishyas- Indra- Aryans war god and military god. Varuna Mohenjo-Daro- Indus River- Punjab- Black Sea- Brahman- Harappa- Ganges River- Himalayas- Caspian Sea- Chapter 4 Mandate of Heaven- give of Songs- Book of History- Book of Changes- Book of Rites- Tian- Yangshao- Xia Dynasty- Shang Dynasty- chuck Dynasty- Qin Dynasty- Oracle Bones-King Yu- King Fuzi- King Yao- King Shun- Fu Hao- Yangzi River- Steppes- Yin - Huang He River- Central Asia- Central Southeast Asia- Ao- Luoyang- Chapter 5 Olmec Calendar- Vigesimal- Chavin Cult- Pyramid of the Sun- tabernacle of the Giant Jaguar- Olmecs- Austronesian- San Lorenzo- Tikal- Teotihucan- Australia- Oceania- New Zealand- Maya- Mochika- La Venta- Chichen Itza- Mesoamerica- Bering Strait- New Guinea- Indonesia- Crucial Facts * First Pharaoh of Egypt- King Menses The Fighter * Mesopotamians used Cuneiform * Societies that used Pictographic forms of scripture- Egypt (Hieroglyphics), Mayans, And Chinese. We know of the Aryans by the Vedas Upanishads Hindu Book * Paleolithic- Hunter Gatherers No Sheep * Neolithic- Introduction of agriculture (Agricultural Revolution/Transition) * Archeologist- Studies ancient remains Make approximations * Goddesses of Fertility- Venus Figurines European * most(prenominal) religions in Mesoamerica- Polytheistic * Harappans- Not much is known about them. Hindu. * Xia/Shang/Zhou/Qin Dynasties in Order * Copper was the 1s t metal Easy to reckon/mold. * Farming- Food surplus, possible for cities to exist, and sexual intercourse.