Semantic Deviation In Pride And Prejudice English Language Essay

Semantic Deviation In pride And Prejudice face Language EssayJane Austin was an slope unfermentedist. Her books argon notable for the wit, tender observation and insights into the lives of early 19th century women. She was born in 1775 in Hampshire. She began to write when she was a teenager. Her first novel was Sense and Sensibility which was print in 1811.The second novel she wrote was Pride and Prejudice. This novel became very noteworthy and was appreciated. Her next novel Mansfield Park was published in 1814, and then Emma in 1816.In 1816 Jane became ill due to Addisons disease. She died in Winchester on 18 July 1817. The two novels view and Northanger Abbey were published after her death. And a final novel was left incomplete.Pride and Prejudice was the most popular novel of Jane Austin. The story of the novel takes habitation in early nineteenth century. Critics praised Jane Austens characterization and portrayal of everyday life. homophile weakness is a prominent ele ment in this novel. Austin do utilisation of chaff to expose foolishness and hypocrisy. Dialogue plays an Coperni canful quality in Pride and Prejudice. Each characters speech is appropriate. From the speech it is revealed that what they atomic number 18 same(p). Elizabeths give tongue to is direct and outspoken, Mr. Bennetts speech is sarcastic, Mr. Collins speeches ar very long and boring, Lydias speeches atomic number 18 c arfree and not serious.The incidences in Pride and Prejudice lav be related to every day life i.e. embarrassments, foolishness, falling in bop, trustworthyizing stimulate mistakes, etc. Austens works possess a timeless quality, which makes her stories and themes as pertinent today as they were two hundred years ago.Deviation heart de lot from an established course or radiation diagram standards. in that location ar legion(predicate) figures of deviation like syntactic or grammatical deviation, lexical deviation, graphological deviation, ph onological deviation, and semantic deviation. In this look for the main think is on Semantic deviation. Semantic deviation shows that a forge or style rump have to a greater extent various meanings. A word can be taken in different con school texts. The real meaning can be different from appargonnt meaning. Semantic deviation includes irony, paradox, metaphor, metaphor, pun, style.CHAPTER II publications REVIEWDr.Sarala Krishnamurthy examined the lexis of Selman Rushdies Midnight Childrens.The method she applied was twain qualitative and quantitative. In this research she worked on the use of coinage, unite dustup, and borrowing in the novel. According to her psychometric test the most important feature in Rushdies work is the use of neologism. The neologism is identified in two authoritys morphological and borrowing. In the novel the Indian actors inventory be given affixation, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Pajamas, phirangis. With these words affi xation s is employ to convert them into plural form. The second type of neologism use is the Indian suffix ar attached to side words, such as cousin ji and sister ji. The suffix ji in Urdu and Hindi is attached to any noun.The third type is when with English root morpheme, Hindi root morpheme is attached, such as Paan shop, hot channa, Indian fauj. In these words Paan, channa and fauj atomic number 18 Hindi morphemes which argon attached to English morphemes. Compound words ar in like manner formed by winning words from both the verbiages. The ideal of compound words is dia lamp, where dia is the equivalent of the word lamp. The suffix y is in any case use with words, such as shivery, methamphetamine cloudy, house wifery.The affixation ed is in like manner apply to have neologisms. Rushdie creates many adjectival forms by adding affix ed. The examples are One eye browed, many headed, etc. The affixation ing is alike use, which leads to the formation of compound words, such as lip jutting, crazy sounding. The notable point is that all the examples given are employ for the first time in Midnights Children and this extend the resources of English language.In this novel the compound words are formed in different ways. The ways are unusual collocation, co-joined words, word clusters, and noun phrases. The example of the each way is given belowUnusual collocation1. Biriyanis of determination2. Carrot and outsmart affairCo-joined words1. whatsitsname what is its name2. Godknowswhat God knows what3. Talldark well-favored tall dark hand someWord clusters1. they we should2. patience waitNoun Phrases1. two day long salary increase2. losing national dice game3. Going to potThe last intimacy to be noted in the novel is borrowing. The words are borrowed from Urdu, such as khansamaa, maulvi saab. The names of Hindu gods are also used, such as ganesh, hanuman. The names of Hindi dishes, such as lassi, khichri, ladoo are used in the novel. The names of In dian clothing dupatta, kurtaa, pajama, are also made part of the novel. Indian fonts and the words of opposite languages that are spoken in India are also used in the novel. In the end Sarala concludes that these lexis are important because it is lexical deviation and the other reason she gives is that the usage of these words furcate the world close to the Indian word expressions.Agemo, Oluwatosin Stella examined The stylistic analytic thinking of some selected poetrys of Wole Soyinka. He mentioned that the writer makes use of unusual word society in the form of Anastrophe and parenthesis. Examples areIn vain your bangles cast appeal circles at my feet (Abiku).Caught I was, foully (Telephone Conversation).This word order interrupts the normal syntactic flow of the sentence, to create fierceness and to capture the attention of the reader. The writer has also made use of word omission, i.e. ellipsis and asyndeton. Examples areMust I weep for goats and cowries.For palm oil an d sprinkled ask? (Abiku)I saw your envious eye quench the SeasFlourescence, dance on the pulie incessant (Night)This creates shortness of time, emphasis or ambiguity. The lineation of repetition is also used in the rimes. repeating is used deliberately for the sake of emphasis. It service of processs to grasp the attention of the reader. The lexico-syntactic choices i.e. similie and metaphor are also used in abundance in the poem. These are used to give clearness and liveliness to words. Examples areSimilieI bear no bear no heart mercuric like the clouds (Night).As lightning come d cause to ants antenna (To my first white hairs).MetaphorIll be the beseeching snake coiled on the doorstep (Abiku).The comparison is made betwixt two words that are different from each other and they are bond together to create similarity between them. Instances of hyperbole, hypernyms, onomatopoeia, synecdoche, pun, assonance, consonance are also array in the poem. The usage of these schemes and tropes provide musical force-out and color to the poems. Graphological deviation is also rescue in the poem like capitalization, bold print, and spacing. All of these things found out together give rough-and-ready meaning. To convey the meaning to the reader and to grasp their attention the language used should be meaningful. Soyinka use of language conveys the meaning to the reader that what the poet wants to convey. The stylistical devices help the poet to knock down and give rhythm to the text. By this depth psychology it is shown that there is a variety between poetic and non-poetic language.Bahaa-Eddin M. Mazid examined A stylistic analysis of Larkins Talking in Bed. According to his analysis the lexical items, with different connotations and denotations, grammatical coordinates, categories all accept together to produce leash main isotopies of the poem i.e. language, love and nature. These items also establish the cohesive chains and the three sub-worlds of the poem- the tenseless, present and then(prenominal). In the poem an emotional linguistic predicament of a couple is encountered, who cannot communicate and who used to be honest. Now they are unable to speak the truth and to be nice. The thing which is much problematic is that there is no one to help and conjure them. This is the context of the poem, it tells about the inter psycheal relation ships. The poem consists of xii lines. The first stanza consists of two articles. And the second stanza starts with adverbial clause Lying together. The qualities and attributes associated with kind-hearted beings are lasting notwithstanding for a short time than those associated with subjective objects and other phenomenon.Talking in bed is a metalinguitic poem. The poem is about the use, employ and abuse of language. One isotopy that cross cuts the nature and the love isotopies is that of night. Thus, in bed, manufacturing together, dark towns and isolation finds their ideal environment in th e night. Night, sex and love are closely related with each other. The intimate style is make full withellipsis, nonverbal communication and private code characteristics. Human involvement is more obvious in the last two clauses in the poem. In the complete poem the theme is dark, tone is bleak with disappointment. Irony is also the plethoric feature of the poem. There is a mismatch between imagination and reality.Talking in bed is as modern as The Wasteland. It is about the agony of alienation, the irony of senseless sex-pillow-talk that cannot be easy and bed partnership that can no longer be honest the loss of faith in confabulation and the death of true or kind language. The poem istrue to its own genre and author.In this the writer does The brief stylistic analysis of The gigantic Gatsby. The play describes the hollowness of the upper class. It also tells us about that what happened to the American dream. In the play Fitgerald made use of imagination and symbolism to prese nt the moral history of his time.The use of symbolism made his work to link the objective with the subjective. He starts the novel in the present, narrates the important events of the story. In chapter 4,6 and 7 the writer gradually reveals the story of Gatsbys past. In chapter 9 the past and the present come together. The key to the structure of the novel is the combination of the first person narrative and the revelation of the past gradually. The two devices worked together perfectly. If anyone of these was not used than the meaning go out not be delivered clearly. In section 1 of the play abstract nouns and many multi-syllable adjectives are used, such as turbulent (adj.) excursion (n.)privileged (adj.) glimpse (n).The formal words are also used,such as exempt, register. The psychology of Nick is revealed by the use of multi-syllable adjectives. The sentence structure is complex. The internal complex and feelings of Nick are described in three sentences only in the first sec tion of the play.Long but unprejudiced sentences are used in the section 2.there is one subjective clause and several coordinate sentences. For example, Miss Baker had mentioned him at d interior(a) and that. he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a unusual way, and, far as I was from him,.The simile is also used in the Great Gatsby. The sentence Her voice is full of money is a metaphor. The endeavor of using metaphor is to give readers aesthetic sense. In the end the psychoanalyst concludes that the language used in the play is formal. And it appeals to the reader.Dan McIntyre examined The stylistic analysis of E.E.Cummings poem.The claim of the poem is listen. The poem is basically about the arrival of the spring and the pleasure and joys it brings. On the other hand the poem also seems to be an portion out to the lover the poet wants his lover to bed with him, the arrival of spring. The themes of spring, nature, sex and man are interred related with each other. The subject matter of the poem is not complex. There are many stylistic features present in the poem.The lexical features of the poem are examined. The poem mostly consists of nouns and verbs. Most of the nouns are cover and only two are abstract .i.e. dream and miracle. The verbs used create a sense of immediacy. All the verbs which are marked for tense are in the present tense. We have present simple verbs .i.e. barks, present modernised forms .i.e. are eagerly, tumb/ling, and o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are. The poet also made use of adverb of manner, which conveys a sense of speed. The adverbs used are (quickly), excitement (crazily, eagerly) and inevitability (irrevocably).Directive verbs are used to address to the other person .i.e. (listen, look, come(x2),run(x2),jump, shout, laugh, dance, cry, sing). These are used to request the addressee to enjoy the glide path of the spring with the poet. For example, in the linesrun run/with me now and sing)for its Spring.There is no neologism in the poem but some words are arranged in the poem in strange way. For example the word loveful is divided in two lines, dividing it into two morphemes .i.e. wonderandful. First the word gives the expression of noun wonder and if it is read again it seems to be the adjective wonderful.The most striking effect in listen is the use of deviations. Throughout the poem graphological deviation is present. The poet has deliberately capitalized the words in the heart and soul of the sentence. The last line of the poem is highly fore grounded because all the garner are capitalized. Grammatical deviation is also used in the poem. Punctuations are applied where they are not required. An example would be in lines 12 and 13 o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are(leavesflowers)dreams. Cummings has break grammatical conventions to convey the simultaneously coming thoughts. Due to which the groups of nouns run together without any punctuation. (E.g. lines 3 to 6 and line 22).the definite and indefinite references are in spite of appearance the same clause. i.e. this a cut across barks. The possible explanation could be that the poet uses this to refer that he is talking about the particular dog and on the other hand he uses a to refer that he is not familiar with the dog.Graphological duplicateism is also used by the poet. All the first lines of the next stanza are separated by the above lines by echo space. The poem has no rhyme scheme of regularity. There is no strict pattern adopted by the poet. In decisiveness Cummings deliberately chooses to use such seemingly unmatched stylistic techniques in (listen). Stylistic helps the reader to chthonianstand the things in the text which are otherwise not understandable easily.Dominique Costa examined A stylistical analysis of Thomas Hardys The Ruined maid. In the poem the lexical items used break to variety of languages. The geographical, temporal, companionable dialects clearly appear in the poem. Terms such as thee, thou used belong to regio nal dialect. There natural event is purposeful. Hardy used this device to draw the attention of the reader towards the characteristics of the domain people. Expressions like digging potatoes, spudding up docks and barton belong to rural lexis. This enhances the young women social origin. The words like bracelets, dress, gloves which are associated with women are used frequently. Hardy uses expression related to feminity such as my dear, delicate cheek, delicate face. From this it is shown that the theme of charwoman hood is prevalent in the poem.Conjunctions are also used frequently. The conjunctions such as and, but are significant. The poem is built in parallel structures two types of parallelism within the sentences are also used. The examples of parallelism areIn The Ruined Maid lexis, cohesion, syntax, sound plays a dominant role. References to the past and present are also constant ion the poem. The setting of the play is temporal.Metin TMUN examined A stylistic study to ex plore the language of poems. The object was to perceive the meaning and understanding the language of the text. The text which is taken into contemplation is the poem of Siegfried Sassoons The Rear- confine and Wilfred Owenss anthem for Doomed offspring. The paper not only focuses on analyzing the text but also argues in favor of exploiting language based approaches in literature. In Sassoons The Rear-Guard the poet uses the poetic language of hysteria. The poet has himself experienced the violence as a soldier in world war 2.the themes of the poem are violence, and the trenches of the war. On the other hand in the poem of Wilfred Owenss Anthem for Doomed Youth the relations with family, army, poetry and Church are depicted. Sassoon and Owen both deal with the atrocities of the war. In Anthem for Doomed Youth in order to reveal the agonies, violence, silence of a family in mourning, sorrows of the people, Owen makes use of both the foothold of army and church. In both the poem s the words related with war are present i.e. guns, rapid rattle, stuttering rifles. Owen also uses the discourse of the church like bells, prayers, mourning, choirs, candles, holly glimmers. In Owens poem we have lexical groupings of war and church. The main focus of the analysis was that how the words used convey the meaning to the reader. In The Rear Guard the feelings of a person are described who has himself faced the atrocities of war and he thinks that war is evil and unjust. It destroys the lives of people. In Owens poem Anthem for Doomed Youth the poet by using linguistic devices gives the message and lesson to the world that war should be prohibited. The war is not an enjoyable thing it destroys the lives of people, homes and countries.Masanori Miyata examined Types of linguistic devices in Oliver Twist. The sextette types of deviation present in Oliver twist are taken under consideration. The phonological deviation is present in the dialogue of Gamfield, which shows typi cally insufficient or vulgar language. The words of his speech are acause(because),afore(before),nothink(nothing),etc. Graphological deviation is also part of the novel. The author uses parenthesis within the dialogue to reveal the inner thoughts of the character. For exampleHave the goodness to look at me, said Mr.bumble, jam his eyes upon her. (If she stands such an eye as that, said Mr. Bumble to himself. She can stand anything. (Mr. Bumble, XXXVII, 268)Capital letters and dashes are also used within the dialogue. In the dialogue by Fagin, Fagin retorted Nancy with rage in capital letters. WILL. Neologisms are also invented in the play. i.e. Greenland, merry-go-rounder. Dicken invented special terms like beadlehood, henpeckery, half-baptized. New compound words are formed by combining two lexical items with hyphens like psalm-singers, concept-making, surgeons-friend, and orange-peel.Mr. Bumble add suffixes -er and -est. with adjectives in his dialogues, which normally proceed mo re and most in Standard English. Examples are obstinater, ungratefullest, He also uses double superlatives i.e. most bare-facedest. Dickens also uses vague phrase like original soft nothings. Oxymorons are also evident. For example good unhealthy port, logically contradict but contextually consistent. Paradox like night so long, and yet so short, are also applied by Dickens. Synecdoche, metaphor, simile all are the part of the play. Dickens ion his novel has used nigh all types of deviations, schemes, tropes and lexical features. Irony is prevalent throughout the novel. In conclusion Dickens creates new words and skillfully manipulates it in his novel....CHAPTER III seek METHODOLOGY3.1. Research QuestionTo analyze the semantic deviation in Jane Austins novel Pride and Prejudice3.2. DelimitationThe text which is to be canvass is Pride and Prejudice. It consists of 61 chapters, but the focus will be on first 25 chapters of the novel. The text will be analyzed semantically. The focu s will be on semantic deviations used by the writer. The real meaning inherent in the apparent meaning will be focused.3.3. Theoretical FrameworkStylistics is the study of style of language. It describes the usage of language in speech, written works and public affairs. Deviations are a part of stylistic analysis. Deviation means depart from an established course or normal standards. There are many types of deviation, like semantic, syntactic, graphological, register and grammatical deviation. alone the focus in this research is only on semantic deviation. The main points which would be under consideration during semantic analysis of the novel will be irony, metaphor, paradox, pun, style.