Universal Education

11 important Problems of Universalization of culture and their Remedies SWASTIK Universalization of principal(a) Education is Constitutional guiding. Education is every bodys birth-right and it is binding on any establish ment to bring home the bacon facilities for tuition for clawren who are born and reach the trail-going age. It was stipulated to achieve Universalization at heart 10 years from the introduction of Constitution and that is by 1960. save it is without delay more than three decades after the scheduled time.Now the fusss with certain possible remedies to crop them have been discussed as follows (1) Faulty Policy of presidency The constitutional directive is that states sh entirely endeavour to provide free and compulsory gentility to all children until they round the age of 14 years. But it is a matter of regret that the positive(p) goal has non been reached as yet. The main cause for this is that the form _or_ system of government of regimen was base d on idealism. Basic education was accepted as the stock of national education.Being inspired with this aim, work started to convert the vivacious first-string schools into grassroots schools. India is a vast country with a very freehanded population. coin was too oft in shortage for implementation of so pricey a scheme of innovation of a large number of Elementary Schools. government activity has also admitted this. In such a situation, the best policy would have been to make separate treatment for the basic schools along with the popular primary and middle schools. (2) Political Difficulties Education is the basis of democracy.It is necessary to school the citizens in club to make democracy a success. But so far the Government of India has non been able to devote their full fear towards education. Main reason is that since the attainment of Independence, Government had to face the problems of food, of inimical neighbours, the problem of Kashmir, the problem of lingui stic states etc. Those problems lock up exist and these problems have all along forced to allocate so much money that Government has not been able to devote their due attention for elementary education.The Government is responsible to solve the political problems the Government is also duty-bound for gleam progress of public education. On no account, this quietness of Government towards world-wide primary education could be justified. (3) Faulty Administration of Education In most of the states the responsibility of universal primary education is on the regimen of Blocks, Municipalities and Educational Districts. The progress of working out of primary education gets slow because of the indifference and incapability of these institutions.In fact, it is the responsibility of the nation to educate its citizens. It is necessary that the Government of India should feature upon itself the dedicated work of universal enrolment and universal retention at the Elementary stage. In fac t it is the responsibility of the action to educate its citizens. (4) shortage of Money Inadequacy of money is a serious problem that confronts primary schools. Income of the local institutions responsible for primary education is so much particular that they are totally incapable of partakeing the expenditure of compulsory education.To meet the requirements of compulsory basis education it was estimated that an annual expenditure of Rs. 269. 5 crores impart be required. But in the First Five Year jut out the allocation was Rs. 93 crores and this allocation was reduced to Rs. 89 crores in the randomness Plan. So sincere and honest efforts should be made to educate as umteen children as possible so as to banish analphabetism to the maximum extent possible. Only after abolition of analphabetism, quality of education as a matter of importance should come. (5) Dearth of Trained Teachers at that place is shortage of trained teachers to make Elementary Education Universal and comp ulsory.Nowadays, the preteen teachers do not wish to work in cracker-barrel areas. But the fact remains that majority of first-string Schools are in rural areas. The chief reason of non-availability of suitable teachers is that teaching work is not mesmerizing for many persons, since the salary of primary teachers is hopelessly low. The condition of Scheduled areas is still more miserable. The hilly and impassable jungle areas with very unworthy discourse and transport facilities fail to attract the present day luxury-loving young men.Teachers should be provided with proper dwelling in the villages of their work. The question of Women teachers is very much special. So the question of teachers quarters, residential schools, especially residential Ashram Schools in the Scheduled areas should be provided. The quality of teachers gutter be improved by executing a training progrmme for the untrained teachers in service on basis of study-leave basis. (6) giving medication and Sch ool Buildings Even the Third and Fourth All India Educational Surveys betoken that even now there are lakhs of villages and habitations without schools.There are nearly 4 lakhs schoolless villages in India which are to be given schools. It is not that easy to provide necessary funds for setting up such a large number of schools with buildings and other equipments. In order to meet this problem of raw buildings along with the animate schools in private houses, temples, verandah of rich persons, residence of teachers etc. should be met by construction of low cost houses of thatched roof or tile with local materials looking to the weather conditions of certain places fall in air stands may be taken up in the ShantiNiketan pattern.All the same, the Primary schools should have accommodations of their own as far as practicable. Problem of school houses along with the problem of lack of teachers in all the primary schools can be solved through shift system in the existing schools. In o rder to enrol the additional age-group 6-14 children additional section live should be constructed. (7) Unsuitable Curriculum The curriculum for primary schools is narrow and irreconcilable to the local inescapably. The curriculum should be interesting for the children for its continuance.Learning by work should supplant the emphasis on monotonous bookish knowledge. Education of craft should be given in the primary schools in accordance with the local needs and requirements. But the schemes of craft education in the primary schools should not of passing expensive ones. (8) Wastage and Stagnation It is another major problem and commodious rampart for universalization of Elementary Education. Out of every 100 students enrolled in layer I more than half leave schools by Class IV, only 32 pupils reach class V and only 26 reach class VIII.This is due to the lack of educational atmosphere, un worthy environment, lack of devoted teachers, poor economic condition of parents, absenc e of proper equipment etc. In order to check such massive wastage and stagnation at the primary stage, existing educational system and curriculum should be reformed, teaching method should be interesting, school buildings should be adequate and neat and clean, and the parents should be educated. These may care the problem of wastage and stagnation to be solved. (9) Natural Obstacles Natural barriers are the great obstacles in the way of refinement of compulsory education.The village and small habitations in areas of Himalayan regions, Kashmir, Garhwal, Almora with less population are situated in distances apart. So also the desert areas in Rajasthan, the dense forest areas in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Assam and many Southern States create problems for expected enrolment. These are very very strong areas with lack of communication and of Education and School Organization absence of transport. It is desirable to make provision, for schooling facilities even in small habitations witho ut leaving much for mobility of small children in the severe cold, heat or heavy rains 10) friendly Evils Social evils like superstition, illiteracy faith in ancient conventions and customs, child marriages, untouchability, pardah system etc. create innumerable obstacle in the expansion of compulsory primary education. Still man persons get their sons and daughters married at a very minor age against the Child Marriage barricade Act and deprive these school-going children of the fruits of education. Because of illiteracy and ignorance these social evils grow. The educated young men and women should volunteer themselves to remove these evils of society in their neighbourhood.Against these social evils, the work of expansion of universal enrolment should not be slackened, since social evils flourish because of illiteracy and ignorance. (11) Language Problem 1961 Census reports about 826 languages and 1652 dialects in the country. The Constitution of India, 1950 mentions 14 languages , which can be made specialty of education. Compulsory education has not been fully introduced among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and denotified tribes in the country. This is due to the hindrances of languages as medium of education.In the Five Year Plans the incentive programmes of free text-books, free uniform, stipends in hostels, and conversion of Residential Ashram Schools etc. do not improve matters much. The responsibility of education of these castes and tribes, who are staggering under the weight of misery and poverty for centuries, should not be left alone on Govt. Voluntary and philanthropic brass section and people should come forward to assist the Government in this sacred and significant work of the nation.